Prognostic value of body mass index for patients undergoing esophagectomy for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma

Abstract

Objective: The correlation between high body mass index and outcomes after esophagectomy has not been systematically addressed. Some studies have shown that patients with a high body mass index had better overall survival and disease-free survival compared with those with a normal/low body mass index, whereas others have shown that the body mass index was not of prognostic value.

Methods: Ninety-nine patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were retrospectively reviewed in this study. Patients' postoperative overall and disease-free survivals were compared between the two groups (body mass index <24.00 kg/m(2) and body mass index ≥24.00 kg/m(2)).

Results: There were 66 patients in the low/normal body mass index group (body mass index <24.00 kg/m(2)) and 28 patients in the high body mass index group (body mass index ≥24.00 kg/m(2)). Although disease recurrence were more frequent in the high body mass index group vs. the low/normal body mass index group, there was no significant difference noted (60.7%, 40.9%, P = 0.078). The 3-year overall survival rates were 60.6% in the low/normal body mass index group and 57.1% in the high body mass index group (P = 0.392). The 3-year disease-free survival rates were higher in the low/normal body mass index group vs. the high body mass index group (56.1%, 39.3%, P = 0.048). On multivariate analysis, the number of lymph node metastases (hazard ratio: 1.192, 95% confidence interval: 1.076-1.320, P = 0.001) was recognized as an independent prognostic factor for overall survival. Both body weight loss (hazard ratio: 2.153, 95% confidence interval: 1.027-4.511, P = 0.042) and the number of lymph node metastases (hazard ratio: 1.669, 95% confidence interval: 1.297-2.146, P < 0.001) were significantly and independently associated with disease-free survival.

Conclusions: Our results suggest that high body mass index appears to shorten disease-free survival in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma patients and further studies are needed to detect the mechanism.