Abdominoperineal resection for severe perianal Crohn's disease

Abstract

Despite the high incidence of involvement of the perianal region in Crohn's disease, excisional surgery seldom is required for perianal disease alone. Nine patients are presented who had severe perianal Crohn's disease, which eventually required abdominoperineal excision of the anorectum. In all nine patients, it was secondary manifestations of anal Crohn's disease that precipitated proctectomy, such as high fistulas, strictures, and rectovaginal fistulas. These secondary phenomena, especially fistulas caused by cavitating ulceration, become self-perpetuating by the mechanical effect of feces being forced into the tract. During the same period, 17 patients required rectal excision by abdominoperineal resection, where perianal disease was incidental to severe colorectal disease. There is a tendency for excessive delay before advising surgery for severe perianal disease. An attempt should be made to identify patients with a poor prognosis to avoid unnecessarily prolonged morbidity. Assessment of the exact nature of the anal lesion and assessment of Crohn's disease activity are important in making this decision.