Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2013 Feb;15(2):117-23.
doi: 10.1089/dia.2012.0211. Epub 2013 Jan 10.

Cross-sectional evaluation of noninvasively detected skin intrinsic fluorescence and mean hemoglobin a1c in type 1 diabetes

Vanita R Aroda  1 , Baqiyyah N Conway, Stephen J Fernandez, Nathaniel I Matter, John D Maynard, Trevor J Orchard, Robert E Ratner
Affiliations

Cross-sectional evaluation of noninvasively detected skin intrinsic fluorescence and mean hemoglobin a1c in type 1 diabetes

Vanita R Aroda et al. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2013 Feb.

Abstract

Background: This study evaluated the relationship between skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF) and long-term mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in individuals with type 1 diabetes.

Subjects and methods: We undertook a cross-sectional analysis of 172 individuals with type 1 diabetes followed longitudinally with HbA1c data available over an average of 16.6 years. SIF was evaluated cross-sectionally using the SCOUT DS device (VeraLight Inc., Albuquerque, NM) and correlated with most recent HbA1c and long-term mean HbA1c. Potential determinants of this relationship, including age, gender, smoking status, duration of diabetes, and renal function, were also evaluated.

Results: Age-adjusted skin intrinsic fluorescence significantly correlated with long-term mean HbA1c (R=0.44, P<0.0001). In contrast, there was no significant relationship between SIF and most recent HbA1c (R=0.14, P=0.075). The best-fit model describing the relationship between SIF and mean HbA1c controlled for factors of age, duration of disease, renal function, and site of study conduct. Controlling for these factors was also important in understanding the relationship between most recent HbA1c and SIF. Evaluating longer-term HbA1c data also strengthened the relationship between SIF and mean HbA1c. In the presence of renal dysfunction or damage, as indicated by an estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 or presence of gross proteinuria, there was no significant correlation between SIF and mean HbA1c.

Conclusions: Noninvasive detection of SIF significantly correlates with long-term mean HbA1c, providing insight into long-term glycemic exposure. Age, duration of diabetes, and renal function are potential contributors to this relationship.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Relationship between skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF) and (A) age and (B) mean hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), adjusted for age. SIF was naturally logarithmically transformed prior to analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:977–986. - PubMed
    1. Stratton IM. Adler AI. Neil HA. Matthews DR. Manley SE. Cull CA. Hadden D. Turner RC. Holman RR. Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 2000;321:405–441. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Reiser KM. Nonenzymatic glycation of collagen in aging and diabetes. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1991;196:17–29. - PubMed
    1. Verzijl N. DeGroot J. Thorpe SR. Bank TA. Shaw JN. Lyons TJ. Bijlsma JW. Lafeber FP. Baynes JW. TeKoppele JM. Effect of collagen turnover on the accumulation of advanced glycation end products. J Biol Chem. 2000;50:39027–39031. - PubMed
    1. Monnier VM. Bautista O. Kenny D. Sell DR. Fogarty J. Dahms W. Cleary PA. Lachin J. Genuth S. Skin collagen glycation, glycoxidation, crosslinking are lower in subjects with long-term intensive versus conventional therapy of type 1 diabetes: relevance of glycated collagen products versus HbA1c as markers of diabetic complications. DCCT Skin Collagen Ancillary Study Group. Diabetes Control and Complications Trial. Diabetes. 1999;48:870–880. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

LinkOut - more resources