The genetics of reading disabilities: from phenotypes to candidate genes

doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00601

. 2013 Jan 7:3:601.

doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00601. eCollection 2012.

The genetics of reading disabilities: from phenotypes to candidate genes

Wendy H Raskind¹, Beate Peter, Todd Richards, Mark M Eckert, Virginia W Berninger

Affiliations

Affiliation

¹ Department of Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA.

PMID: 23308072
PMCID: PMC3538356
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00601

The genetics of reading disabilities: from phenotypes to candidate genes

Wendy H Raskind et al. Front Psychol. 2013.

. 2013 Jan 7:3:601.

doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00601. eCollection 2012.

Authors

Wendy H Raskind¹, Beate Peter, Todd Richards, Mark M Eckert, Virginia W Berninger

Affiliation

¹ Department of Medicine, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA ; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Seattle, WA, USA.

PMID: 23308072
PMCID: PMC3538356
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00601

Abstract

This article provides an overview of (a) issues in definition and diagnosis of specific reading disabilities at the behavioral level that may occur in different constellations of developmental and phenotypic profiles (patterns); (b) rapidly expanding research on genetic heterogeneity and gene candidates for dyslexia and other reading disabilities; (c) emerging research on gene-brain relationships; and (d) current understanding of epigenetic mechanisms whereby environmental events may alter behavioral expression of genetic variations. A glossary of genetic terms (denoted by bold font) is provided for readers not familiar with the technical terms.

Keywords: attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder; brain imaging; candidate genes; dyslexia; genetics; language impairment; reading impairment; speech sound disorder.

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References

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[1] Addis L., Friederici A. D., Kotz S. A., Sabisch B., Barry J., Richter N., et al. (2010). A locus for an auditory processing deficit and language impairment in an extended pedigree maps to 12p13.31-q14.3. Genes Brain Behav. 9, 545–56110.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00583.x - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[2] Addis L., Friederici A. D., Kotz S. A., Sabisch B., Barry J., Richter N., et al. (2010). A locus for an auditory processing deficit and language impairment in an extended pedigree maps to 12p13.31-q14.3. Genes Brain Behav. 9, 545–56110.1111/j.1601-183X.2010.00583.x - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[3] Andrews W., Liapi A., Plachez C., Camurri L., Zhang J., Mori S., et al. (2006). Robo1 regulates the development of major axon tracts and interneuron migration in the forebrain. Development 133, 2243–225210.1242/dev.02379 - DOI - PubMed

[4] Andrews W., Liapi A., Plachez C., Camurri L., Zhang J., Mori S., et al. (2006). Robo1 regulates the development of major axon tracts and interneuron migration in the forebrain. Development 133, 2243–225210.1242/dev.02379 - DOI - PubMed

[5] Ansley S. J., Badano J. L., Blacque O. E., Hill J., Hoskins B. E., Leitch C. C., et al. (2003). Basal body dysfunction is a likely cause of pleiotropic Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Nature 425, 628–63310.1038/nature02030 - DOI - PubMed

[6] Ansley S. J., Badano J. L., Blacque O. E., Hill J., Hoskins B. E., Leitch C. C., et al. (2003). Basal body dysfunction is a likely cause of pleiotropic Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Nature 425, 628–63310.1038/nature02030 - DOI - PubMed

[7] Anthoni H., Sucheston L. E., Lewis B. A., Tapia-Paez I., Fan X., Zucchelli M., et al. (2012). The aromatase gene CYP19A1: several genetic and functional lines of evidence supporting a role in reading, speech and language. Behav. Genet. 42, 509–52710.1007/s10519-012-9532-3 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Anthoni H., Sucheston L. E., Lewis B. A., Tapia-Paez I., Fan X., Zucchelli M., et al. (2012). The aromatase gene CYP19A1: several genetic and functional lines of evidence supporting a role in reading, speech and language. Behav. Genet. 42, 509–52710.1007/s10519-012-9532-3 - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Anthoni H., Zucchelli M., Matsson H., Muller-Myhsok B., Fransson I., Schumacher J., et al. (2007). A locus on 2p12 containing the co-regulated MRPL19 and C2ORF3 genes is associated to dyslexia. Hum. Mol. Genet. 16, 667–67710.1093/hmg/ddm009 - DOI - PubMed

[10] Anthoni H., Zucchelli M., Matsson H., Muller-Myhsok B., Fransson I., Schumacher J., et al. (2007). A locus on 2p12 containing the co-regulated MRPL19 and C2ORF3 genes is associated to dyslexia. Hum. Mol. Genet. 16, 667–67710.1093/hmg/ddm009 - DOI - PubMed

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The genetics of reading disabilities: from phenotypes to candidate genes

Affiliation

The genetics of reading disabilities: from phenotypes to candidate genes

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