Improvement of prognosis for unresectable biliary tract cancer

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate the chemotherapeutic outcomes and confirm the recent improvement of prognosis for unresectable biliary tract cancer.

Methods: A total of 186 consecutive patients with unresectable biliary tract cancer, who had been treated with chemotherapy between 2000 and 2009 at five institutions in Japan, were retrospectively analyzed. These patients were divided into three groups based on the year beginning chemotherapy: Group A (2000-2003), Group B (2004-2006), and Group C (2007-2009). The data were fixed at the end of December 2011. Overall survival and time-to-progression were analyzed and compared chronologically.

Results: No patient characteristics were significantly different among the three groups. The gallbladder was involved in about half of the patients in each group, and metastatic biliary tract cancer was present in three quarters of the enrollees. In Group A, 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapies were primarily selected as first-line chemotherapy, and only 24% were treated with second-line chemotherapy. In Group B, gemcitabine or S-1 monotherapy was mainly introduced as first-line chemotherapy, and 51% of the patients who were refractory to first-line chemotherapy were treated with second-line chemotherapy mainly with monotherapy. In Group C, the combination therapy with gemcitabine and S-1 was mainly chosen as first-line chemotherapy, and 53% of the patients refractory to first-line chemotherapy were treated with second-line chemotherapy mainly with combination therapy. The median time-to-progressions were 4.4 mo, 3.5 mo and 5.9 mo in Groups A, B and C, respectively (4.4 mo vs 3.5 mo vs 5.9 mo, P < 0.01). The median overall survivals were 7.1, 7.3, and 11.7 mo in Groups A, B and C (7.1 mo vs 7.3 mo vs 11.7 mo, P = 0.03). Induction rates of all three drugs (gemcitabine, platinum analogs, and fluoropyrimidine) in Groups A, B and C were 4%, 2% and 27% (4% vs 2% vs 27%, P < 0.01).

Conclusion: The prognosis of unresectable biliary tract cancer has improved recently. Using three effective drugs (gemcitabine, platinum analogs, and fluoropyrimidine) may improve the prognosis of this cancer.

Keywords: Biliary tract cancer; Fluoropyrimidine; Gemcitabine; Platinum analogs; Unresectable.

Figure 1

Time-to-progression curves (A) and overall survival curves (B) of patients with unresectable biliary tract cancer. A: The median time to progression was 4.4 mo, 3.5 mo and 5.9 mo in Groups A, B and C, respectively (log-rank test; P < 0.01). There was no difference between Groups A and B (log-rank test; P = 0.20); B: The median overall survival was 7.1 mo, 7.3 mo and 11.7 mo in Groups A, B and C, respectively (log-rank test; P = 0.03). There was no difference between Groups A and B (log-rank test; P = 0.41).