Pituitary-gonadal and pituitary-thyroid axis hormone concentrations before and during a hypoglycemic clamp after sleep deprivation in healthy men

Abstract

Total sleep deprivation (TSD) exerts strong modulatory effects on the secretory activity of endocrine systems that might be related to TSD-induced challenges of cerebral glucose metabolism. Here, we investigate whether TSD affects the course of male pituitary-gonadal and pituitary-thyroid axis related hormones during a subsequent 240-min hypoglycemic clamp. Ten healthy men were tested on 2 different conditions, TSD and 7-hour regular sleep. Circulating concentrations of total testosterone, prolactin (PRL), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), free triiodothyronine (fT3), and free thyroxin (fT4) were measured during baseline and a subsequent hypoglycemic clamp taking place in the morning. Basal, i.e. at 07:00 am measured, concentrations of total testosterone (P = 0.05) and PRL (P<0.01) were lower while the values of TSH (P = 0.02), fT3 (P = 0.08), and fT4 (P = 0.04) were higher after TSD as compared to regular sleep. During the subsequent hypoglycemic clamp (all measurements from baseline to the end of the clamp analyzed) total testosterone concentrations in the regular sleep (P<0.01) but not in the TSD condition (P = 0.61) decreased, while PRL levels increased (P = 0.05) irrespectively of the experimental condition (P = 0.31). TSH concentrations decreased during hypoglycemia (P<0.01), with this decrease being more pronounced after TSD (P = 0.04). However, at the end of the hypoglycemic clamp concentrations all of the above mentioned hormones did not differ between the two sleep conditions. Our data indicate a profound influence of TSD on male pituitary-gonadal and pituitary-thyroid axis hormones characterized by reduced basal testosterone and PRL levels and increased TSH levels. However, since concentrations of these hormones measured at the end of the 240-min hypoglycemic clamp were not affected by TSD it can be speculated that the influence of TSD on the two endocrine axes is rather short lived or does not interact in an additive manner with their responses to hypoglycemia.

Figure 1. Mean ± SD concentrations of total testosterone (A; n = 8), luteinizing hormone (LH; B; n = 9), prolactin (PRL; C; n = 9), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH; D; n = 10), free triiodothyronine (fT3; E; n = 10), and free thyroxin (fT4; F; n = 10) during a 30-minute baseline period and the subsequent 240-minute stepwisehypoglycemic clamp after a night of TSD (black circles) and regular sleep (white circles).

P values derive from Student’s t-test for pairwise comparisons. *P<0.05.