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Review
. 2013 May;34(19):1432-6.
doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs471. Epub 2013 Jan 18.

Cardiac dysfunction in pauci symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus patients: a meta-analysis in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era

Enrico Cerrato  1 , Fabrizio D'Ascenzo, Giuseppe Biondi-Zoccai, Andrea Calcagno, Simone Frea, Walter Grosso Marra, Davide Castagno, Pierluigi Omedè, Giorgio Quadri, Filippo Sciuto, Davide Presutti, Giacomo Frati, Stefano Bonora, Claudio Moretti, Fiorenzo Gaita
Affiliations
Free article
Review

Cardiac dysfunction in pauci symptomatic human immunodeficiency virus patients: a meta-analysis in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era

Enrico Cerrato et al. Eur Heart J. 2013 May.
Free article

Abstract

Aims: Human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV) has been associated with cardiac dysfunction that, if present, can negatively affect morbidity and mortality of HIV-infected patients. Unfortunately, many of the studies on this topic were performed before the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) was established. Thus, we performed a comprehensive meta-analysis to critically appraise the incidence of cardiac dysfunction in HIV-infected pauci symptomatic patients.

Methods and results: Medline, Cochrane Library, and Biomed Central were systematically screened for studies reporting on systolic and/or diastolic dysfunctions in HIV pauci-symptomatic patients. Baseline treatment and cardiac imaging data were appraised and pooled with random effect methods computing summary. At pooled analysis, including a total of 2242 patients from 11 studies, an overall average incidence of traditional cardiovascular risk factors was observed, while a low rate of previous coronary artery disease was reported. Incidence of systolic and diastolic left ventricular dysfunction was 8.33% (95% CI: 2.20-14.25) and 43.38% (95% CI: 31.73-55.03), respectively. Diastolic dysfunction was graded as first [31.85% (95% CI: 24.85-43.73)], second [8.53% (95% CI: 2.12-14.93)], and third degree [3.02% (95% CI: 1.78-4.27)]. At multivariate analysis, a high sensitivity C-reactive protein level >5 mg/L, active tobacco smoking and previous history of myocardial infarction were predictors of left ventricular systolic dysfunction [odd ratio 1.70 (95% CI: 1.03-2.77); 1.57 (95% CI: 1.03-2.34); and 15.90 (95% CI: 1.94-329.00), respectively]. Hypertension (OR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.20-4.50) and older age (OR = 2.50 per 10 years increase; 95% CI: 1.70-3.60) were predictors of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (Figure 3).

Conclusions: Systolic and diastolic dysfunction represent a common finding in pauci symptomatic HIV-infected patients, regardless to HAART.

Keywords: Antiretroviral therapy; Echocardiography; HAART; HIV; Heart failure.

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