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. 2013 Jul;163(1):187-93.e1.
doi: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2012.12.026. Epub 2013 Jan 18.

The longitudinal course of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in velo-cardio-facial syndrome

Kevin M Antshel  1 , Kaitlin Hendricks, Robert Shprintzen, Wanda Fremont, Anne Marie Higgins, Stephen V Faraone, Wendy R Kates
Affiliations

The longitudinal course of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in velo-cardio-facial syndrome

Kevin M Antshel et al. J Pediatr. 2013 Jul.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate predictors of persistence of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a large sample of children with velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) with and without ADHD followed prospectively into adolescence.

Study design: Children with VCFS with (n = 37) and without (n = 35) ADHD who were on average 11 years old at the baseline assessment and 15 years old at the follow-up assessment were comprehensively assessed with structured diagnostic interviews and assessments of behavioral, cognitive, social, school, and family functioning. Control participants both with and without ADHD were also followed prospectively.

Results: In adolescence, 65% of children with VCFS continued to have findings consistent with ADHD. Childhood predictors of persistence were higher rates of familial ADHD, having childhood depression, having higher levels of hyperactivity, and a larger number of intrusion errors on a verbal list learning test at baseline. Approximately 15% of children with VCFS who did not have ADHD at Time 1 met diagnostic criteria for ADHD at Time 2. All of these children had subthreshold ADHD symptoms at Time 1.

Conclusions: These findings prospectively confirm that persistence of ADHD into adolescence in VCFS is predicted by childhood variables that have been previously documented in the non-VCFS ADHD literature.

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Conflict of interest statement

The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
BASC Parent T-Scores at Times 1 and 2
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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