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Review
. 2013 Apr;14(2):124-9.
doi: 10.1007/s11934-013-0304-2.

Update on use of enhanced imaging to optimize lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for urothelial cancer of the bladder

Lukas Lusuardi  1 , Günter Janetschek
Affiliations
Review

Update on use of enhanced imaging to optimize lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing minimally invasive surgery for urothelial cancer of the bladder

Lukas Lusuardi et al. Curr Urol Rep. 2013 Apr.

Abstract

The most commonly used imaging modalities for diagnostic investigation of bladder carcinoma are contrast-enhanced computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and positron emission tomography. More recently, radioisotope and fluorescence staining are being used before, or even during, open or laparoscopic surgery. We report recent results obtained with these imaging modalities and their limitations.

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