Comparison of the relationships of alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia

Abstract

We compared the relationships of alcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic fatty liver with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and dyslipidemia. Using a nationwide Japanese survey, we collected data on subjects with biopsy-proven alcoholic fatty liver or nonalcoholic fatty liver. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether alcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic fatty liver are associated factors for these diseases. Data on 191 subjects (65, alcoholic fatty liver; 126, nonalcoholic fatty liver) were analyzed. Alcoholic fatty liver (odds ratio, 2.54; 95% confidence interval, 1.06-6.32; p = 0.040), age ≥55 years, and body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) were correlated with hypertension, whereas nonalcoholic fatty liver (odds ratio, 2.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.08-5.20; p = 0.035) and serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels ≥75 IU/l were correlated with dyslipidemia. Furthermore, we found that there were biological interactions between alcoholic fatty liver and body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) in ≥55-year-old subjects (attributable proportion due to interaction, 0.68; 95% confidence interval, 0.19-1.17), as well as between alcoholic fatty liver and age ≥55 years in subjects with body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2) (attributable proportion due to interaction, 0.71; 95% confidence interval, 0.24-1.18). Alcoholic fatty liver was more strongly associated with hypertension than nonalcoholic fatty liver and nonalcoholic fatty liver was more strongly associated with dyslipidemia than alcoholic fatty liver. Moreover, alcoholic fatty liver, obesity, and older age may interact to influence hypertension status.

Keywords: alcoholic fatty liver; diabetes mellitus; dyslipidemia; hypertension; nonalcoholic fatty liver.

Fig. 1

Comparison of the prevalence of hypertension among subjects stratified by types of fatty liver disease and body mass index in each age subgroup. (A) Subjects aged ≥55 years. p = 0.082 (chi-square test). (B) Subjects aged <55 years. p = 0.284 (chi-square test). AFL, alcoholic fatty liver; NAFL, nonalcoholic fatty liver; BMI, body mass index ▪, presence of hypertension; □, absence of hypertension.

Fig. 2

Comparison of the prevalence of hypertension among subjects stratified by types of fatty liver disease and age in each body mass index (BMI) subgroup. (A) Subjects with BMI ≥25 kg/m². p<0.0001 (chi-square test). (B) Subjects with BMI <25 kg/m². p = 0.006 (chi-square test). AFL, alcoholic fatty liver; NAFL, nonalcoholic fatty liver; ▪, presence of hypertension; □, absence of hypertension.

Fig. 3

Comparison of the prevalence of dyslipidemia among subjects stratified by types of fatty liver disease and serum γ-glutamyl transpeptidase level. p = 0.027 (chi-square test). AFL, alcoholic fatty liver; NAFL, nonalcoholic fatty liver; γ-GTP, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase; ▪, presence of hypertension; □, absence of hypertension.