Peripheral artery disease in korean patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: prevalence and association with coronary artery disease severity

Abstract

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is an important marker for the risk stratification of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). We investigated the prevalence of PAD in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with CAD and the relationship between ankle-brachial pressure index (ABPI) and CAD severity. A total of 711 patients undergoing PCI for CAD from August 2009 to August 2011 were enrolled. PAD diagnosis was made using the ABPI. The prevalence of PAD was 12.8%. In PAD patients, mean values of right and left ABPI were 0.71 ± 0.15 and 0.73 ± 0.15. Patients with PAD had a higher prevalence of left main coronary disease (14.3% vs 5.8%, P = 0.003), more frequently had multivessel lesions (74.9% vs 52.1%, P < 0.001) and had higher SYNTAX score (18.2 ± 12.3 vs 13.1 ± 8.26, P = 0.002). Using multivariate analysis, we determined that left main CAD (OR, 2.954; 95% CI, 1.418-6.152, P = 0.004) and multivessel CAD (OR, 2.321; 95% CI, 1.363-3.953, P = 0.002) were both independently associated with PAD. We recommend that ABPI-based PAD screening should be implemented in all patients undergoing PCI with CAD, especially in severe cases.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis; Coronary Artery Disease; Peripheral Artery Disease.

Fig. 1

The prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) in patients with or without cardiovascular risk factors and co-morbidities. CVA, cerebrovascular accident.

Fig. 2

The prevalence of unilateral and bilateral PAD according to the number of diseased coronary artery. VDs, vessel disease.

Fig. 3

The prevalence of peripheral artery disease (PAD) according to the severity of coronary artery disease (CAD). LM, left main coronary disease.

Fig. 4

(A) The relation between the ankle-brachial pressure index and (B) SYNTAX score.