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. 2013 Mar 15;168(4):557-64.
doi: 10.1530/EJE-12-0673. Print 2013 Apr.

Clinical and molecular characterisation of 300 patients with congenital hyperinsulinism

Ritika R Kapoor  1 , Sarah E Flanagan, Ved Bhushan Arya, Julian P Shield, Sian Ellard, Khalid Hussain
Affiliations

Clinical and molecular characterisation of 300 patients with congenital hyperinsulinism

Ritika R Kapoor et al. Eur J Endocrinol. .

Abstract

Background: Congenital hyperinsulinism (CHI) is a clinically heterogeneous condition. Mutations in eight genes (ABCC8, KCNJ11, GLUD1, GCK, HADH, SLC16A1, HNF4A and HNF1A) are known to cause CHI.

Aim: To characterise the clinical and molecular aspects of a large cohort of patients with CHI.

Methodology: Three hundred patients were recruited and clinical information was collected before genotyping. ABCC8 and KCNJ11 genes were analysed in all patients. Mutations in GLUD1, HADH, GCK and HNF4A genes were sought in patients with diazoxide-responsive CHI with hyperammonaemia (GLUD1), raised 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine and/or consanguinity (HADH), positive family history (GCK) or when CHI was diagnosed within the first week of life (HNF4A).

Results: Mutations were identified in 136/300 patients (45.3%). Mutations in ABCC8/KCNJ11 were the commonest genetic cause identified (n=109, 36.3%). Among diazoxide-unresponsive patients (n=105), mutations in ABCC8/KCNJ11 were identified in 92 (87.6%) patients, of whom 63 patients had recessively inherited mutations while four patients had dominantly inherited mutations. A paternal mutation in the ABCC8/KCNJ11 genes was identified in 23 diazoxide-unresponsive patients, of whom six had diffuse disease. Among the diazoxide-responsive patients (n=183), mutations were identified in 41 patients (22.4%). These include mutations in ABCC8/KCNJ11 (n=15), HNF4A (n=7), GLUD1 (n=16) and HADH (n=3).

Conclusions: A genetic diagnosis was made for 45.3% of patients in this large series. Mutations in the ABCC8 gene were the commonest identifiable cause. The vast majority of patients with diazoxide-responsive CHI (77.6%) had no identifiable mutations, suggesting other genetic and/or environmental mechanisms.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Summary of the genotypes of all patients undergoing sequencing analysis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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