Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor treatment for erectile dysfunction in patients with end-stage renal disease receiving dialysis or after renal transplantation

Abstract

Introduction: The phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors are generally well tolerated and effective for treating erectile dysfunction (ED), including in patients with significant comorbidity. Because of this benign safety profile, investigators have used PDE5 inhibitors to treat patients with ED and severe renal disease or those who have received renal transplants.

Aim: To assess safety and efficacy of PDE5 inhibitors in patients receiving dialysis or renal transplants.

Main outcome measures: Erectile function as assessed by the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Global Assessment Questions; adverse events (AEs).

Methods: We reviewed published studies of PDE5 inhibitors in patients receiving dialysis or renal transplants.

Results: In double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in patients receiving dialysis or renal transplants, sildenafil significantly improved erectile function as assessed by the IIEF, and 75-85% of patients reported improved erectile function on Global Assessment Questions; efficacy was more variable in less well-controlled studies. In >260 patients undergoing dialysis who received sildenafil in clinical studies, there were only six reported discontinuations because of AEs (headache [N=3], headache and nausea [N=1], gastrointestinal [N=1], and symptomatic blood pressure decrease [N=1]). In approximately 400 patients with renal transplants who received sildenafil, only three patients discontinued because of AEs. Vardenafil improved IIEF scores of up to 82% of renal transplant recipients in randomized, controlled studies (N=59, total), with no reported discontinuations because of AEs. Limited data also suggest benefit with tadalafil.

Conclusions: ED is common in patients undergoing renal dialysis or postrenal transplant and substantially affects patient quality of life. Sildenafil and vardenafil appear to be efficacious and well tolerated in patients receiving renal dialysis or transplant.

Keywords: Dialysis; Erectile Dysfunction; Kidney; Liver; Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor; Safety; Sildenafil; Transplant.