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. 2013 Jul;98(4):F356-8.
doi: 10.1136/archdischild-2012-302880. Epub 2013 Jan 29.

Clinical and molecular characterisation of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in infants born small-for-gestational age

Ved Bhushan Arya  1 , Sarah E Flanagan, Anitha Kumaran, Julian P Shield, Sian Ellard, Khalid Hussain, Ritika R Kapoor
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Free PMC article

Clinical and molecular characterisation of hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia in infants born small-for-gestational age

Ved Bhushan Arya et al. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed. 2013 Jul.
Free PMC article

Abstract

Objective: To characterise the phenotype and genotype of neonates born small-for-gestational age (SGA; birth weight <10th centile) who developed hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia (HH).

Methods: Clinical information was prospectively collected on 27 SGA neonates with HH, followed by sequencing of KCNJ11 and ABCC8.

Results: There was no correlation between the maximum glucose requirement and serum insulin levels. Serum insulin level was undetectable in five infants (19%) during hypoglycaemia. Six infants (22%) required diazoxide treatment >6 months. Normoglycaemia on diazoxide <5 mg/kg/day was a safe predictor of resolved HH. Sequencing of KCNJ11/ABCC8 did not identify any mutations.

Conclusions: Serum insulin levels during hypoglycaemia taken in isolation can miss the diagnosis of HH. SGA infants may continue to have hypofattyacidaemic hypoketotic HH beyond the first few weeks of life. Recognition and treatment of this group of patients are important and may have important implications for neurodevelopmental outcome of these patients.

Keywords: Hyperinsulinism; Hypoglycaemia; Small for Gestational Age Infant.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Figure demonstrating the lack of correlation between maximum glucose infusion rate and plasma insulin concentrations.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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