Height and weight bias: the influence of time

Abstract

Background: We have previously identified in a study of both self-reported body mass index (BMI) and clinically measured BMI that the sensitivity score in the obese category has declined over a 10-year period. It is known that self-reported weight is significantly lower that measured weight and that self-reported height is significantly higher than measured height. The purpose of this study is to establish if self-reported height bias or weight bias, or both, is responsible for the declining sensitivity in the obese category between self-reported and clinically measured BMI.

Methods: We report on self-reported and clinically measured height and weight from three waves of the Surveys of Lifestyle Attitudes and Nutrition (SLÁN) involving a nationally representative sample of Irish adults. Data were available from 66 men and 142 women in 1998, 147 men and 184 women in 2002 and 909 men and 1128 women in 2007. Respondents were classified into BMI categories normal (<25 kg/m(2)), overweight (25-<30 kg/m(2)) and obese (≥30 kg/m(2)).

Results: Self-reported height bias has remained stable over time regardless of gender, age or clinical BMI category. Self-reported weight bias increases over time for both genders and in all age groups. The increased weight bias is most notable in the obese category.

Conclusions: BMI underestimation is increasing across time. Knowledge that the widening gap between self-reported BMI and measured BMI is attributable to an increased weight bias brings us one step closer to accurately estimating true obesity levels in the population using self-reported data.

Figure 1. Self-reported height bias by clinically measured BMI category with 70%, 90%, 95% and 99% bootstrap confidence intervals.

Figure 2. Self-reported height bias by age category in SLÁN 1998, SLÁN 2002 and SLÁN 2007.

Figure 3. Self-reported weight bias by clinically measured BMI category with 70%, 90%, 95% and 99% bootstrap confidence intervals.

Figure 4. Self-reported weight bias by age category in SLÁN 1998, SLÁN 2002 and SLÁN 2007.