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. 2012 Dec;2(4):314-327.
doi: 10.1159/000343803. Epub 2012 Nov 24.

Obesity and the Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome: Therapeutic Modalities and Their Efficacy in Improving Cardiovascular and Renal Risk Factors

Ankur Jindal  1 , Stephen Brietzke, James R Sowers
Affiliations

Obesity and the Cardiorenal Metabolic Syndrome: Therapeutic Modalities and Their Efficacy in Improving Cardiovascular and Renal Risk Factors

Ankur Jindal et al. Cardiorenal Med. 2012 Dec.

Abstract

The prevalence of obesity has increased rapidly in the United States. Obesity affects about one third of the adult population and, even though it is attributed to excess calorie intake and inadequate physical activity, its etiopathogenesis is much more complex and is an area of active study. Lifestyle modifications (with a focus on increased activity and decreased calorie intake) have modest efficacy in the treatment of obesity. There is a dearth of safe and effective therapeutic modalities to treat obesity. In this review, we discuss the role of different treatment options in the management of obesity and its comorbidities, with a focus on recently approved drugs and the emerging role of bariatric surgery.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Mechanisms by which obesity promotes the cardiorenal metabolic syndrome. The scheme shows the complex environmental, behavioral, hormonal, and genetic interactions which help modify an individual's body weight, and further shows the effects of the resultant dysfunctional adipose tissue and low-grade inflammation on the structure and function of different organ systems.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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