Food intake and anthropometric evaluation in school-aged children of Buenos Aires

Abstract

Introduction: The main objectives of this study were to analyze food intake and to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in school-aged children.

Population and methods: Fifth-grade children from 80 randomly-selected public schools from the Buenos Aires metropolitan area were included. Data on food intake were collected using a 24-hour recall period and frequency of weekly consumption. Data on weight and height were also collected.

Results: The sample was made up of 1673 children (854 girls and 819 boys), with an average age of 10.9 years old. The average calorie intake was 2316 kcal/day (±888) with an adequacy ratio of 115.8% in relation to the dietary reference intake. Of the total assessed children, 21.3% was overweight and 14.3% was obese. Mean intake of dietary fiber was 9 g/day (dietary reference intake: 28 g/day, 32.1% of adequacy). Only 2% of children complied with the recommended intake of vegetables and 17%, with the recommended intake of fruit. The most frequently consumed high calorie density foods were: soft drinks/juices, candies, sweet cookies and high fat seasonings and dressings.

Conclusions: The high calorie intake, together with the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the studied population, justifies the need to implement nutrition education programs targeted at encouraging a healthier diet.