Pediatric near-drowning and drowning

Abstract

Childhood water submersion remains a major public health problem. The aim of this article is to present an updated overview of the topic with data from our region and special attention to prevention strategies. Children less than 5 years and males are particularly at risk. Infants are at higher risk of drowning in bathtubs, toilets, or washing machines, while most drowning in older children occurs in swimming pools. Poor supervision by inexperienced caregivers is a common factor and contributes to most deaths. Adolescents drown more often during outdoor water activity. Acute management should start as soon as possible in order to prevent unfavorable neurological outcome. Cardio-pulmonary resuscitation should be started at the scene. Most children who were rescued quickly will recover neurologically intact. Restricting access to water and close adult supervision are paramount in preventing near-drowning and drowning. High-risk groups, such as new or young parents, and lower socioeconomic families, should be targeted by such prevention programs.