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Comparative Study
. 2013 May;22(5):488-95.
doi: 10.1002/pds.3412. Epub 2013 Feb 12.

Near real-time adverse drug reaction surveillance within population-based health networks: methodology considerations for data accrual

Taliser R Avery  1 , Martin Kulldorff, Yury Vilk, Lingling Li, T Craig Cheetham, Sascha Dublin, Robert L Davis, Liyan Liu, Lisa Herrinton, Jeffrey S Brown
Affiliations
Comparative Study

Near real-time adverse drug reaction surveillance within population-based health networks: methodology considerations for data accrual

Taliser R Avery et al. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2013 May.

Abstract

Purpose: This study describes practical considerations for implementation of near real-time medical product safety surveillance in a distributed health data network.

Methods: We conducted pilot active safety surveillance comparing generic divalproex sodium to historical branded product at four health plans from April to October 2009. Outcomes reported are all-cause emergency room visits and fractures. One retrospective data extract was completed (January 2002-June 2008), followed by seven prospective monthly extracts (January 2008-November 2009). To evaluate delays in claims processing, we used three analytic approaches: near real-time sequential analysis, sequential analysis with 1.5 month delay, and nonsequential (using final retrospective data). Sequential analyses used the maximized sequential probability ratio test. Procedural and logistical barriers to active surveillance were documented.

Results: We identified 6586 new users of generic divalproex sodium and 43,960 new users of the branded product. Quality control methods identified 16 extract errors, which were corrected. Near real-time extracts captured 87.5% of emergency room visits and 50.0% of fractures, which improved to 98.3% and 68.7% respectively with 1.5 month delay. We did not identify signals for either outcome regardless of extract timeframe, and slight differences in the test statistic and relative risk estimates were found.

Conclusions: Near real-time sequential safety surveillance is feasible, but several barriers warrant attention. Data quality review of each data extract was necessary. Although signal detection was not affected by delay in analysis, when using a historical control group differential accrual between exposure and outcomes may theoretically bias near real-time risk estimates towards the null, causing failure to detect a signal.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Number of people with brand or generic divalproex sodium dispensing per month from January 2002 to October 2009.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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