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Meta-Analysis
. 2013 Jun 19;27(10):1631-9.
doi: 10.1097/QAD.0b013e32835fd940.

The contribution of HIV to pregnancy-related mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clara Calvert  1 , Carine Ronsmans
Affiliations
Free PMC article
Meta-Analysis

The contribution of HIV to pregnancy-related mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Clara Calvert et al. AIDS. .
Free PMC article

Abstract

Objectives: Although much is known about the contribution of HIV to adult mortality, remarkably little is known about the mortality attributable to HIV during pregnancy. In this article we estimate the proportion of pregnancy-related deaths attributable to HIV based on empirical data from a systematic review of the strength of association between HIV and pregnancy-related mortality.

Methods: Studies comparing mortality during pregnancy and the postpartum in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected women were included. Summary estimates of the relative and attributable risks for the association between HIV and pregnancy-related mortality were calculated through meta-analyses. Varying estimates of HIV prevalence were used to predict the impact of the HIV epidemic on pregnancy-related mortality at the population level.

Results: Twenty-three studies were included (17 from sub-Saharan Africa). Meta-analysis of the risk ratios indicated that HIV-infected women had eight times the risk of a pregnancy-related death compared with HIV-uninfected women [pooled risk ratio 7.74, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 5.37-11.16]. The excess mortality attributable to HIV among HIV-infected pregnant and postpartum women was 994 per 100,000 pregnant women. We predict that 12% of all deaths during pregnancy and up to 1-year postpartum are attributable to HIV/AIDS in regions with a prevalence of HIV among pregnant women of 2%. This figure rises to 50% in regions with a prevalence of 15%.

Conclusion: The substantial excess of pregnancy-related mortality associated with HIV highlights the importance of integrating HIV and reproductive health services in areas of high HIV prevalence and pregnancy-related mortality.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flow chart of study selection for inclusion in the systematic review. Main reasons for exclusion from the systematic review are also described in the chart. Articles may have been excluded for multiple reasons. AIM, African Index Medicus.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot showing the strength of association between HIV and pregnancy-related mortality. CI, confidence interval; RR, risk ratio.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
The population attributable fraction for the proportion of deaths attributable to HIV among pregnant/postpartum women.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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