Ventricular tachycardia in the infarcted, Langendorff-perfused human heart: role of the arrangement of surviving cardiac fibers

Abstract

Electrophysiologic and histologic studies were performed on Langendorff-perfused human hearts from patients who underwent heart transplantation because of extensive infarction. In nine hearts, 15 sustained ventricular tachycardias could be induced by programmed stimulation. In all hearts, mapping of epicardial and endocardial electrical activity during tachycardia was carried out. Histologic examination of the infarcted area between the site of latest activation of one cycle and the site of earliest activation of the next cycle revealed zones of viable myocardial tissue. In two hearts in which the time gap between latest and earliest activation was small, surviving myocardial tissue constituted a continuous tract that traversed the infarct. In three other hearts in which the time gap was large, surviving tissue consisted of parallel bundles that coursed separately over a few hundred micrometers, then merged into a single bundle and finally branched again. The direction of the fibers within the bundles was perpendicular to the direction of the activation front in that area. A similar type of inhomogeneous anisotrophy and activation delay was found in an infarcted papillary muscle removed from one of the explanted hearts and studied in a tissue bath during basic stimulation. Histologic examination of this preparation revealed that the delay was caused by a zigzag route of activation over branching and merging bundles of surviving myocytes separated by connective tissue.