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. 2013 Feb 1;7(1):46-59.
doi: 10.1007/s12170-012-0283-8. Epub 2012 Dec 9.

The Ups and Downs of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons from Genomic Analyses in Humans

Vicencia Sales  1 , Mary-Elizabeth Patti
Affiliations

The Ups and Downs of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons from Genomic Analyses in Humans

Vicencia Sales et al. Curr Cardiovasc Risk Rep. .

Abstract

We are in the midst of a worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these diseases is critical if we are to halt their progression and ultimately prevent their development. The advent and widespread implementation of microarray technology has allowed analysis of small samples of human skeletal muscle, adipose, liver, pancreas and blood. While patterns differ in each tissue, several dominant themes have emerged from these studies, including altered expression of genes indicating increased inflammation and altered lipid and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and insulin signaling in patients with T2D, and in some cases, in those at risk for disease. Unraveling which changes in gene expression are primary, and which are secondary to an insulin resistant or diabetes metabolic milieu remains a scientific challenge but we are one step closer.

Keywords: Insulin resitance; genomic analyses in humans; type 2 diabetes.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Summary of tissue-specific findings in insulin resistance and T2D.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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