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Randomized Controlled Trial
. 2013 Aug;36(8):2372-9.
doi: 10.2337/dc12-2196. Epub 2013 Mar 8.

Changes in insulin resistance and HbA1c are related to exercise-mediated changes in body composition in older adults with type 2 diabetes: interim outcomes from the GREAT2DO trial

Yorgi Mavros  1 , Shelley Kay, Kylie A Anderberg, Michael K Baker, Yi Wang, Renru Zhao, Jacinda Meiklejohn, Mike Climstein, Anthony O'Sullivan, Nathan de Vos, Bernhard T Baune, Steven N Blair, David Simar, Kieron Rooney, Nalin Singh, Maria A Fiatarone Singh
Affiliations
Randomized Controlled Trial

Changes in insulin resistance and HbA1c are related to exercise-mediated changes in body composition in older adults with type 2 diabetes: interim outcomes from the GREAT2DO trial

Yorgi Mavros et al. Diabetes Care. 2013 Aug.

Abstract

Objective: To investigate changes in body composition after 12 months of high-intensity progressive resistance training (PRT) in relation to changes in insulin resistance (IR) or glucose homeostasis in older adults with type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods: One-hundred three participants were randomized to receive either PRT or sham exercise 3 days per week for 12 months. Homeostasis model assessment 2 of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were used as indices of IR and glucose homeostasis. Skeletal muscle mass (SkMM) and total fat mass were assessed using bioelectrical impedance. Visceral adipose tissue, mid-thigh cross-sectional area, and mid-thigh muscle attenuation were quantified using computed tomography.

Results: Within the PRT group, changes in HOMA2-IR were associated with changes in SkMM (r = -0.38; P = 0.04) and fat mass (r = 0.42; P = 0.02). Changes in visceral adipose tissue tended to be related to changes in HOMA2-IR (r = 0.35; P = 0.07). Changes in HbA1c were related to changes in mid-thigh muscle attenuation (r = 0.52; P = 0.001). None of these relationships were present in the sham group (P > 0.05). Using ANCOVA models, participants in the PRT group who had increased SkMM had decreased HOMA2-IR (P = 0.05) and HbA1c (P = 0.09) compared with those in the PRT group who lost SkMM. Increases in SkMM in the PRT group decreased HOMA2-IR (P = 0.07) and HbA1c (P < 0.05) compared with those who had increased SkMM in the sham group.

Conclusions: Improvements in metabolic health in older adults with type 2 diabetes were mediated through improvements in body composition only if they were achieved through high-intensity PRT.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Changes in body composition vs. changes in HOMA2-IR. A: Change in skeletal muscle mass and change in HOMA2-IR in the PRT group. B: Change in skeletal muscle mass and change in HOMA2-IR in the sham group. C: Change in total fat mass and change in HOMA2-IR in the PRT group. D: Change in total fat mass and change in HOMA2-IR in the sham group.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Change in mid-thigh muscle attenuation and change in HbA1c. A: Change in mid-thigh muscle attenuation and change in HbA1c in the PRT group. B: Change in mid-thigh muscle attenuation and change in HbA1c in the sham group.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Change in body composition and changes in HOMA2-IR and HbA1c. A: Changes in skeletal muscle mass and changes in HOMA2-IR. B: Changes in skeletal muscle mass and changes in HbA1c. C: Changes in VAT and changes in HOMA2-IR. D: Changes in VAT and changes in HbA1c.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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