Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2013 Mar 14:39:18.
doi: 10.1186/1824-7288-39-18.

Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature

Mario La Rosa  1 , Elena Lionetti, Michele Reibaldi, Andrea Russo, Antonio Longo, Salvatore Leonardi, Stefania Tomarchio, Teresio Avitabile, Alfredo Reibaldi
Affiliations
Review

Allergic conjunctivitis: a comprehensive review of the literature

Mario La Rosa et al. Ital J Pediatr. .

Abstract

Ocular allergy represents one of the most common conditions encountered by allergists and ophthalmologists. Allergic conjunctivitis is often underdiagnosed and consequently undertreated. Basic and clinical research has provided a better understanding of the cells, mediators, and immunologic events, which occur in ocular allergy. New pharmacological agents have improved the efficacy and safety of ocular allergy treatment. An understanding of the immunologic mechanisms, clinical features, differential diagnosis, and treatment of ocular allergy may be useful to all specialists who deal with these patients. The purpose of this review is to systematically review literature underlining all the forms classified as ocular allergy: seasonal allergic conjunctivitis, perennial allergic conjunctivitis, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, atopic keratocongiuntivitis, contact allergy, and giant papillary conjunctivitis.

PubMed Disclaimer

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Seasonal and perennial allergic conjunctivitis: mild conjunctival injection and moderate chemosis.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Vernal keratoconjunctivitis: giant papillae of the upper tarsal conjunctiva.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Vernal conjunctivitis: corneal plaque.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Vernal conjunctivitis: trantas dots.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Atopic keratoconjunctivitis.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Giant papillary conjunctivitis.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Rigoli L, Briuglia S, Caimmi S, Ferrau’ V, Gallizzi R, Leonardi S, La Rosa M, Salpietro C. Gene-environment interactions in childhood asthma. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol. 2011;24:41–47. - PubMed
    1. Barbee RA, Kaltenborn W, Lebowitz MD, Burrows B. Longitudinal changes in allergen skin test reactivity in a community population sample. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1987;79:16–24. - PubMed
    1. Maziak W, Behrens T, Brasky TM, Duhme H, Rzehak P, Weiland SK, Keil U. Are asthma and allergies in children and adolescents increasing. Results from ISAAC phase I and phase III surveys in Munster, Germany. Allergy. 2003;58:572–579. doi: 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00161.x. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Verlato G, Corsico A, Villani S, Cerveri I, Migliore E, Accordini S, Carolei A, Piccioni P, Bugiani M, Lo Cascio V, Marinoni A, Poli A, de Marco R. Is the prevalence of adult asthma and allergic rhinitis still increasing. Results of an Italian study. J Allergy Clin Immunol. 2003;111:1232–1238. doi: 10.1067/mai.2003.1484. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Leonardi S, del Giudice Miraglia M, La Rosa M, Bellanti JA. Atopic disease, immune system, and the environment. Allergy Asthma Proc. 2007;28(4):410–417. doi: 10.2500/aap.2007.28.2954. - DOI - PubMed

MeSH terms