Carriers in mesenchymal stem cell osteoblast mineralization--state-of-the-art

Abstract

Purpose: Tissue engineering is a new way to regenerate bone tissue, where osteogenic capable cells combine with an appropriate scaffolding material. Our aim was in a Medline Search to evaluate osteoblast mineralization in vitro and in vivo including gene expressing combining mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and five different carriers, titanium, collagen, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate and polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer for purpose of a meta-or a descriptive analysis.

Materials and methods: The search included the following MeSH words in different combinations-mesenchymal stem cells, alkaline phosphatase, bone regeneration, tissue engineering, drug carriers, tissue scaffolds, titanium, collagen, calcium carbonate, calcium phosphates and polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer.

Results: Two out of 80 articles included numerical values and as control, carriers and cells, on mineralization and gene expression. β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) revealed elevated alkaline phosphatase activity, and calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite a greater gene expression of osteocalcin when seeded with induced MSCs.

Conclusion: No data are published on titanium used as a carrier in MSC osteoblast mineralization. A meta- as well as a descriptive analysis includes numerical values of test materials and of control reactions from carrier and cells, respectively. Only two articles fulfilled these requirements.

Keywords: Bone regeneration; Drug carriers; Mesenchymal stem cells; Tissue engineering; Tissue scaffolds.