Beneficial effects of the RESMENA dietary pattern on oxidative stress in patients suffering from metabolic syndrome with hyperglycemia are associated to dietary TAC and fruit consumption

Abstract

Hyperglycemia and oxidative stress are conditions directly related to the metabolic syndrome (MetS), whose prevalence is increasing worldwide. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a new weight-loss dietary pattern on improving the oxidative stress status on patients suffering MetS with hyperglycemia. Seventy-nine volunteers were randomly assigned to two low-calorie diets (-30% Energy): the control diet based on the American Health Association criteria and the RESMENA diet based on a different macronutrient distribution (30% proteins, 30% lipids, 40% carbohydrates), which was characterized by an increase of the meal frequency (seven-times/day), low glycemic load, high antioxidant capacity (TAC) and high n-3 fatty acids content. Dietary records, anthropometrical measurements, biochemical parameters and oxidative stress biomarkers were analyzed before and after the six-month-long study. The RESMENA (Metabolic Syndrome Reduction in Navarra) diet specifically reduced the android fat mass and demonstrated more effectiveness on improving general oxidative stress through a greater decrease of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) values and protection against arylesterase depletion. Interestingly, oxLDL values were associated with dietary TAC and fruit consumption and with changes on body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, fat mass and triacilglyceride (TG) levels. In conclusion, the antioxidant properties of the RESMENA diet provide further benefits to those attributable to weight loss on patients suffering Mets with hyperglycemia.

Figure 1

Relationship between changes on oxLDL and fruits and TAC dietary records. Abbreviations: oxLDL, oxidized low density lipoprotein; TAC, total antioxidant capacity.

Figure 2

Correlations between changes on oxLDL and changes on adiposity parameters. Abbreviations: BMI, body mass index; TG, triglycerides.

Figure 3

Flow diagram of participants during the study (a) and ratio RESMENA/control of energy and specific dietary components of the scheduled diet (b). Abbreviations: MetS, metabolic syndrome; IDF, International Diabetes Association; MF, meal frequency; TCV, total caloric value; CH, carbohydrates; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; GL, glycemic load; TAC, total antioxidant capacity. Symbols: *** p < 0.001 differences between control and RESMENA scheduled diets; N.A, not applicable.