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. 2013 Mar 28:9:61.
doi: 10.1186/1746-6148-9-61.

Kinetics of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) humoral immune response in swine serum and oral fluids collected from individual boars

Apisit Kittawornrat  1 , Mark Engle, Yaowalak Panyasing, Chris Olsen, Kent Schwartz, Anna Rice, Sergio Lizano, Chong Wang, Jeffrey Zimmerman
Affiliations

Kinetics of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) humoral immune response in swine serum and oral fluids collected from individual boars

Apisit Kittawornrat et al. BMC Vet Res. .

Abstract

Background: The object of this study was to describe and contrast the kinetics of the humoral response in serum and oral fluid specimens during acute porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection. The study involved three trials of 24 boars each. Boars were intramuscularly inoculated with a commercial modified live virus (MLV) vaccine (Trial 1), a Type 1 PRRSV field isolated (Trial 2), or a Type 2 PRRSV field isolate (Trial 3). Oral fluid samples were collected from individual boars on day post inoculation (DPI) -7 and 0 to 21. Serum samples were collected from all boars on DPI -7, 0, 7, 14, 21 and from 4 randomly selected boars on DPI 3, 5, 10, and 17. Thereafter, serum and oral fluid were assayed for PRRSV antibody using antibody isotype-specific ELISAs (IgM, IgA, IgG) adapted to serum or oral fluid.

Results: Statistically significant differences in viral replication and antibody responses were observed among the three trials in both serum and oral fluid specimens. PRRSV serum IgM, IgA, and IgG were first detected in samples collected on DPI 7, 10, and 10, respectively. Oral fluid IgM, IgA, and IgG were detected in samples collected between DPI 3 to 10, 7 to 10, and 8 to 14, respectively.

Conclusions: This study enhanced our knowledge of the PRRSV humoral immune response and provided a broader foundation for the development and application of oral fluid antibody-based diagnostics.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Kinetics of PRRSV antibody isotypes (IgM, IgA, and IgG) in serum based on responses in 72 boars inoculated with 3 different PRRSV isolates. Results are reported as mean sample-to-positive (S/P) ratios and standard errors.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kinetics of PRRSV antibody isotypes (IgM, IgA, and IgG) in oral fluid based on responses in 70 boars inoculated with 3 different PRRSV isolates. Results are reported as mean sample-to-positive (S/P) ratios and standard errors.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Correlation between serum and oral fluid PRRSV antibody isotypes (IgM, IgA, and IgG) based on results from individual boars.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Calculation of the optimal dilution of anti-pig secondary antibody for PRRSV IgM, IgA, IgG ELISAs. The relationship between the positive control optical density (OD) and dilution of anti-pig secondary antibody was plotted as y = ax + c, where (y) is the secondary antibody OD response, (a) is the slope of the line, (x) is the dilution of secondary antibody, and (c) is the intercept. The appropriate dilution corresponds to the positive control value provided in the Certificate of Analysis.
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