Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2013 Mar 1;8(1):43-48.
doi: 10.1016/j.gheart.2012.12.008.

Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Original Insights from the Framingham Heart Study

Mohammad U Qazi  1 , Shaista Malik
Affiliations

Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease: Original Insights from the Framingham Heart Study

Mohammad U Qazi et al. Glob Heart. .

Abstract

The role of diabetes in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease (CVD) was unclear until 1979 when Kannel et al used data from the Framingham Heart Study (FHS) to identify diabetes as a major cardiovascular risk factor. It was also one of the first studies to demonstrate the higher risk of CVD in women with diabetes compared to men with diabetes. Since then, multiple studies have been done to recognize and curtail cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking, obesity, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. This review will examine the contribution of the Kannel article and subsequent studies in defining the contribution of several risk factors on cardiovascular disease.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Adjusted and unadjusted relative risks of specified events in two years for diabetics vs nondiabetics aged 45 to 74 at time of examination
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age- and sex-adjusted population attributable risk for diabetes as compared with other standard CVD risk factors from the FHS
Figure 3
Figure 3
Figure 3a. Age-adjusted all-cause mortality rates among participants with and without diabetes, by sex and time period. Figure 3b. Age-adjusted cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality rates among participants with and without diabetes, by sex and time period
Figure 4
Figure 4
Age- and sex-adjusted 8-year incidence rate of diabetes by BMI category and decade among participants aged 40 to 55 years. Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Friedberg CK. Diseases of the heart. WB Saunders Company; Philadelphia: 1949. p. 939.
    1. Kannel WB, McGee DL. Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. JAMA. 1979;241:2035–2038. - PubMed
    1. Cowie CC, Rust KF, Byrd-Holt DD, et al. Prevalence of diabetes and impaired fasting glucose in adults in the U.S. population: National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey. 2006. - PubMed
    1. Fox CS, Pencina MJ, Meigs JB, et al. Trends in the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus from the 1970s to the 1990s: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2006;113:2914–2918. - PubMed
    1. Fox CS, Coady S, Sorlie PD, et al. Trends in cardiovascular complications of diabetes. JAMA. 2004;292:2495–2499. - PubMed