Macular and peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness in children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia

Abstract

Aim: To compare the retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and macular thickness in the amblyopic eye with that in the sound eye of children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia using optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: A prospective, nonrandom, intraindividual comparative cohort study includes 72 children with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia in a single center. Macular thickness, macular foveola thickness, and peripapillary RNFL thickness were compared between the amblyopia eyes and the contralateral sound eyes.

Results: There were 38 male and 34 female patients, with a mean age as 9.7±1.9 years (range, 5-16 years). Hyperopic was +3.62±1.16D (range +2.00D to +6.50D) in the amblyopic eyes, which was significantly higher in the control eyes with +0.76±0.90D (range 0D to +2.00D) (P < 0.01). The mean peripapillary RNFL thickness was 113.9±7.2µm and 109.2±6.9µm in the amblyopic eye and the normal eye, respectively, reaching statistical significance (P = 0.02). The mean macular foveola thickness was significantly thicker in the amblyopic eyes than the contralateral sound eyes (181.4±14.2µm vs 175.2±13.3µm, P < 0.01), but the 1mm, 3mm or 6mm macular thickness central macular thickness was not significantly different. Degree of anisometropia in the contralateral eyes was not significantly correlated with differences of peripapillary RNFL, macular foveola thickness or central macular thickness.

Conclusion: Eyes with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia are found thicker macular foveola and peripapillary RNFL than the contralateral eyes in children.

Keywords: children; hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia; macular thickness; optical coherence tomography; retinal nerve fiber thickness.

Figure 1. Macular optical coherence tomography in a patient with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia

(Top) Right eye, spherical equivalent as +4.00 diopter (D), best corrected vision acuity (BCVA) as 0.5. (Bottom) Left eye, spherical equivalent as +0.50D, BCVA as 1.0.

Figure 2. Optical coherence tomography of retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) in a patient with hyperopic anisometropic amblyopia

Right eye, spherical equivalent as +4.00 diopter (D), best corrected vision acuity (BCVA) was 0.5. Left eye, spherical equivalent was +0.50D, BCVA was 1.0.