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. 2013 May;15(5):384-91.
doi: 10.1111/j.1477-2574.2012.00604.x. Epub 2012 Nov 5.

Reducing surgical site infections in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery

Eugene P Ceppa  1 , Henry A Pitt, Michael G House, E Molly Kilbane, Attila Nakeeb, C Max Schmidt, Nicholas J Zyromski, Keith D Lillemoe
Affiliations

Reducing surgical site infections in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery

Eugene P Ceppa et al. HPB (Oxford). 2013 May.

Abstract

Objectives: Patients undergoing complex hepatopancreatobiliary (HPB) operations are at high risk for surgical site infection (SSI). Factors such as biliary obstruction, operative time and pancreatic or biliary fistulae contribute to the high SSI rate. The purpose of this study was to analyse whether a multifactorial approach would reduce the incidence and cost of SSI after HPB surgery.

Methods: From January 2007 to December 2009, 895 complex HPB operations were monitored for SSI through the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). In 2008, surgeon-specific SSI rates were provided to HPB surgeons, and guidelines for the management of perioperative factors were established. Observed SSI rates were monitored before and after these interventions. Hospital cost data were analysed and cost savings were calculated.

Results: Observed SSI for hepatic, pancreatic and complex biliary operations decreased by 9.6% over a 2-year period (P < 0.03). The excess cost per SSI was US$11 462 and was driven by increased length of stay and hospital readmission for infection. Surgeons rated surgeon-specific feedback on SSI rate as the most important factor in improvement.

Conclusions: High SSI rates following complex HPB operations can be improved by a multifactorial approach that features process improvements, individual surgeon feedback and reduced variation in patient management.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Rates of surgical site infection (SSI) in (a) hepatic surgery, (b) pancreatic surgery, (c) complex biliary surgery and (d) composite hepatic, pancreatic and complex biliary surgery. *P < 0.03 versus 2007 observed SSI rate. Note that expected (national) SSI rates decreased in 2009 compared with 2008
Figure 2
Figure 2
Length of stay in days following the operation. Patients were grouped according to whether they experienced no surgical site infection (SSI) (80.0%), superficial SSI (10.1%) or organ space infection (OSI; 9.9%). *P < 0.05 versus no SSI
Figure 3
Figure 3
Readmission rates at 30 days in all patients. Patients were grouped according to whether they experienced no surgical site infection (SSI) (80.0%), superficial SSI (10.1%) or organ space infection (OSI; 9.9%). *P < 0.05 versus no SSI
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mean direct variable hospital costs (US$1000). Patients were grouped according to whether they experienced no surgical site infection (SSI) (80.0%), superficial SSI (10.1%) or organ space infection (OSI; 9.9%). *P < 0.05 versus no SSI
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