Effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation in systemically healthy women: a systematic review
- PMID: 23557432
- DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12053
Effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation in systemically healthy women: a systematic review
Abstract
Aim: To obtain an overall quantitative estimate of the association between pregnancy and gingival inflammation.
Material and methods: Medline and EMBASE databases were searched through August 2011. Prospective cohort or cross-sectional studies assessing the effect of pregnancy on gingival inflammation evaluated by the gingival index (GI) and/or bleeding on probing were included. Meta-analyses were performed if possible.
Results: Forty-four articles representing 33 studies (14 cohort and 19 cross-sectional) were included. Meta-analyses, performed whenever possible, revealed (1) a significantly lower GI in pregnant women in the first term compared with those in their second or third term of pregnancy; (2) a lower mean GI score in post-partum women compared with women in their second [WMD = 0.143; 95% CI (0.031; 0.255); p = 0.012] or third term [WMD = 0.256; 95% CI (0.151; 0.360); p < 0.001] of pregnancy, when considering cohort studies; (3) Non-pregnant women had lower mean GI values than women in their second or third term of pregnancy. Small changes in plaque levels were reported.
Conclusion: Despite the limited number of studies included in the meta-analyses, the present systematic review confirms the existence of a significant increase in GI throughout pregnancy and between pregnant versus post-partum or non-pregnant women, without a concomitant increase in plaque levels.
© 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
Comment in
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Pregnancy is associated with various degrees of increased gingival inflammation in healthy women.J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2013 Dec;13(4):155-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2013.10.015. Epub 2013 Oct 11. J Evid Based Dent Pract. 2013. PMID: 24237737 No abstract available.
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Pregnancy gingivitis and causal inference.Evid Based Dent. 2013 Dec;14(4):107-8. doi: 10.1038/sj.ebd.6400966. Evid Based Dent. 2013. PMID: 24357820
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