The nature of the U=C double bond: pushing the stability of high-oxidation-state uranium carbenes to the limit

Abstract

Treatment of [K(BIPM(Mes)H)] (BIPM(Mes)={C(PPh2NMes)2}(2−); Mes=C6H2-2,4,6-Me3) with [UCl4(thf)3] (1 equiv) afforded [U(BIPM(Mes)H)(Cl)3(thf)] (1), which generated [U(BIPM(Mes))(Cl)2(thf)2] (2), following treatment with benzyl potassium. Attempts to oxidise 2 resulted in intractable mixtures, ligand scrambling to give [U(BIPM(Mes))2] or the formation of [U(BIPM(Mes)H)(O)2(Cl)(thf)] (3). The complex [U(BIPM(Dipp))(μ-Cl)4(Li)2(OEt2)(tmeda)] (4) (BIPM(Dipp)={C(PPh2NDipp)2}(2−); Dipp=C6H3-2,6-iPr2; tmeda=N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylenediamine) was prepared from [Li2(BIPM(Dipp))(tmeda)] and [UCl4(thf)3] and, following reflux in toluene, could be isolated as [U(BIPM(Dipp))(Cl)2(thf)2] (5). Treatment of 4 with iodine (0.5 equiv) afforded [U(BIPM(Dipp))(Cl)2(μ-Cl)2(Li)(thf)2] (6). Complex 6 resists oxidation, and treating 4 or 5 with N-oxides gives [{U(BIPM(Dipp)H)(O)2- (μ-Cl)2Li(tmeda)] (7) and [{U(BIPM(Dipp)H)(O)2(μ-Cl)}2] (8). Treatment of 4 with tBuOLi (3 equiv) and I2 (1 equiv) gives [U(BIPM(Dipp))(OtBu)3(I)] (9), which represents an exceptionally rare example of a crystallographically authenticated uranium(VI)–carbon σ bond. Although 9 appears sterically saturated, it decomposes over time to give [U(BIPM(Dipp))(OtBu)3]. Complex 4 reacts with PhCOtBu and Ph2CO to form [U(BIPM(Dipp))(μ-Cl)4(Li)2(tmeda)(OCPhtBu)] (10) and [U(BIPM(Dipp))(Cl)(μ-Cl)2(Li)(tmeda)(OCPh2)] (11). In contrast, complex 5 does not react with PhCOtBu and Ph2CO, which we attribute to steric blocking. However, complexes 5 and 6 react with PhCHO to afford (DippNPPh2)2C=C(H)Ph (12). Complex 9 does not react with PhCOtBu, Ph2CO or PhCHO; this is attributed to steric blocking. Theoretical calculations have enabled a qualitative bracketing of the extent of covalency in early-metal carbenes as a function of metal, oxidation state and the number of phosphanyl substituents, revealing modest covalent contributions to U=C double bonds.