Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2013 Jan;5(1):30-8.
doi: 10.4103/0975-7406.106561.

Current interventions in the management of knee osteoarthritis

Dinesh Bhatia  1 , Tatiana Bejarano, Mario Novo
Affiliations

Current interventions in the management of knee osteoarthritis

Dinesh Bhatia et al. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2013 Jan.

Abstract

Osteoarthritis (OA) is progressive joint disease characterized by joint inflammation and a reparative bone response and is one of the top five most disabling conditions that affects more than one-third of persons > 65 years of age, with an average estimation of about 30 million Americans currently affected by this disease. Global estimates reveal more than 100 million people are affected by OA. The financial expenditures for the care of persons with OA are estimated at a total annual national cost estimate of $15.5-$28.6 billion per year. As the number of people >65 years increases, so does the prevalence of OA and the need for cost-effective treatment and care. Developing a treatment strategy which encompasses the underlying physiology of degenerative joint disease is crucial, but it should be considerate to the different age ranges and different population needs. This paper focuses on different exercise and treatment protocols (pharmacological and non-pharmacological), the outcomes of a rehabilitation center, clinician-directed program versus an at home directed individual program to view what parameters are best at reducing pain, increasing functional independence, and reducing cost for persons diagnosed with knee OA.

Keywords: Arthrocentesis; Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index scale; hydrotherapy; musculoskeletal disorders; neuromuscular efficiency; osteoarthritis; pharmacological; quadriceps.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Tai Chi exercise program (Reprinted with permission from[3233])
Figure 2
Figure 2
Hydrotherapy/balneotherapy (Reprinted with permission from[33])
Figure 3
Figure 3
Aquatic exercises (Reprinted with permission from[33])
Figure 4
Figure 4
Aerobic exercises (Reprinted with permission from[33])
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Hinman RS, Hunt MA, Creaby MW, Wrigley T, McManus FJ, Bennell KL. Hip muscle weakness in individuals with medial knee osteoarthritis. Arthritis Care Res. 2010;62:1190–3. - PubMed
    1. Heiden T, Lloyd D, Ackland T. Knee extension and flexion weakness in people with knee osteoarthritis: Is antagonist contraction a factor? J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2009;39:807–15. - PubMed
    1. Childs JD, Sparto PJ, Fitzgerald GK, Bizzini M, Irrgang JJ. Alterations in lower extremity movement and muscle activation patterns in individuals with knee osteoarthritis. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2004;19:44–9. - PubMed
    1. Likivainio T, Arokoski J. Physical function and properties of quadriceps femoris muscle in men with knee osteoarthritis. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2008;89:2185–93. - PubMed
    1. Likivainio T, Bragge T, Hakkarainen M, Karjalainen PA, Arokoski J. Gait and muscle activation changes in men with knee osteoarthritis. Knee. 2010;17:69–76. - PubMed