Cardiovascular and sympathoadrenal responses to mental stress: a study of sensory intake and rejection reactions

Abstract

Cardiovascular, sympathoadrenal and subjective responses to mental stress induced by two mental challenges eliciting sensory intake (word identification test = WIT) and sensory rejection (colour word conflict test = CWT) reactions were studied in 10 healthy males. Pressor responses to these stressors have been proposed to differ haemodynamically. Sympathoadrenal activity was assessed by arterial and femoral venous plasma catecholamine determinations and direct recordings of muscle sympathetic activity in the right peroneal nerve (MSA). Basal measurements differed little from those made during an active relaxation procedure, with the exception of MSA, which decreased. Both stress tasks elicited increases in heart rate, cardiac output, calf blood flow and brachial and pulmonary arterial blood pressures. WIT and CWT elicited qualitatively similar responses, but the amplitudes of the circulatory responses were lower with WIT, which also was rated as a weaker stressor. MSA increased during CWT, while marginal increases were seen during WIT. Arterial adrenaline showed a transient increase by 0.14 nmol l-1 during WIT. During CWT arterial adrenaline increased significantly by 50%. Increases in arterial adrenaline and subjective stress ratings were related to increases in cardiac output and reductions of systemic vascular resistance. Arterial and femoral venous noradrenaline increased during CWT, while changes during WIT were small. MSA and noradrenaline responses did not correlate to local vascular responses in the calf. Differences in the responses to mental challenges evoking sensory intake or rejection seem to be of a quantitative rather than a qualitative character.