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. 2013 Jan;3(1):8-16.
doi: 10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60016-7.

Evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of brown seaweeds belonging to Turbinaria spp. (Phaeophyta, Sargassaceae) collected from Gulf of Mannar

Kajal Chakraborty  1 , Nammunayathuputhenkotta Krishnankartha Praveen, Kodayan Kizekadath Vijayan, Gonugontla Syda Rao
Affiliations

Evaluation of phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of brown seaweeds belonging to Turbinaria spp. (Phaeophyta, Sargassaceae) collected from Gulf of Mannar

Kajal Chakraborty et al. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed. 2013 Jan.

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the antioxidant activities and total phenolic contents of brown seaweeds belonging to Turbinaria spp. [Turbinaria conoides (T. conoides) and Turbinaria ornata (T. ornata) collected from Gulf of Mannar of southeastern coast of India in various in vitro systems.

Methods: The antioxidant activity was evaluated using different in vitro systems, viz., 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2, 2'-azino-bis-3 ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid diammonium salt (ABTS), H2O2/HO radical scavenging, Fe(2+) ion chelating ability, and reducing potential. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to determine the total phenolic content of the extracts, and the results were expressed as mg of gallic acid equivalents (GE)/g of the seaweed extracts. Thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances assay was employed to assess the ability of the seaweed extracts to inhibit lipid oxidation.

Results: Ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction of T. conoides registered significantly higher phenolic content (105.97 mg GE/g) than that of T. ornata (69.63 mg GE/g). Significantly higher antioxidant potential as determined by DPPH (64.14%) radical scavenging activity was registered in EtOAc fraction of T. ornata. A higher ABTS(•+) radical scavenging (IC50 3.16 µg/mL), Fe(2+) chelating (IC50 0.46 mg/mL), H2O2 scavenging (IC50 4.25 mg/mL), lipid peroxidation inhibitory (TBARS, IC50 0.21 mg/mL), and reducing abilities (IC50 52.67 mg/mL) (P<0.05) were realized in EtOAc fraction of T. ornata than other fractions.

Conclusions: This study indicated the potential use of T. conoides and T. ornata as candidate species to be used as food supplements/functional foods to increase shelf-life of food items for human consumption, and nutraceuticals to deter deleterious free radical-induced life-threatening diseases.

Keywords: Antioxidant activity; Brown seaweeds; Total phenolic contents; Turbinaria conoides; Turbinaria ornata.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest statement: We declare that we have no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.. ABTS•+ radical scavenging activities (%) of different doses of (0.1, 0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5 and 0.6 µg/mL) methanolic extract and solvent fractions of (EtOAc, MDC and n-hexanic) T. conoides and T. ornata. Values are means of triplicate samples, and expressed as mean±SD. To: T. ornata, Tc: T. conoides, MDC: Dichloromethanic, EtOAc: Ethyl acetate.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.. DPPH radical scavenging activities (%) of (A) EtOAc, (B) MDC, (C) n-hexanic fractions, and (D) methanolic extracts (0.6 mg/mL) of T. conoides and T. ornata with respect to various time intervals (0–5 h). Values are means of triplicate samples, and expressed as mean±SD.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.. HO• radical scavenging activities (%) of different doses of (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mg/mL) methanolic extract and solvent fractions of (EtOAc, MDC and n-hexanic) T. conoides and T. ornata. Values are means of triplicate samples, and expressed as mean±SD. To: T. ornata, Tc: T. conoides, MDC: Dichloromethanic, EtOAc: Ethyl acetate.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.. H2O2 radical scavenging activities (%)of different doses of (0.10, 0.16, 0.33, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mg/mL) methanolic extract and solvent fractions of (EtOAc, MDC and n-hexanic) T. conoides and T. ornata. Values are means of triplicate samples, and expressed as mean±SD. To: T. ornata, Tc: T. conoides, MDC: Dichloromethanic, EtOAc: Ethyl acetate.
Figure 5.
Figure 5.. Lipid peroxidation inhibitory assay (%) of different doses of methanolic extract and solvent fractions of (EtOAc, MDC and n-hexanic) T. conoides and T. ornata. Values are means of triplicate samples, and expressed as mean±SD. To: T. ornata, Tc: T. conoides, MDC: Dichloromethanic, EtOAc: Ethyl acetate.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.. Reducing capacities (A700 nm) of different doses of (0.10, 0.16, 0.33, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 mg/mL) methanolic extract and solvent fractions of (EtOAc, MDC and n-hexanic) T. conoides and T. ornata.Values are means of triplicate samples, and expressed as mean±SD. To: T. ornata, Tc: T. conoides, MDC: dichloromethanic, EtOAc: ethyl acetate.
Figure 7.
Figure 7.. Fe2+ ion chelating capacities (%) of different doses (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 mg/mL) of methanolic extract and solvent fractions of (EtOAc, MDC and n-hexanic) T. conoides and T. ornata. Values are means of triplicate samples, and expressed as mean±SD. To: T. ornata, Tc: T. conoides, MDC: Dichloromethanic, EtOAc: Ethyl acetate.
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