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Meta-Analysis
. 2013;8(4):e60443.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060443. Epub 2013 Apr 3.

Smoking and risk of erectile dysfunction: systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis

Shiyi Cao  1 , Xiaoxu Yin, Yunxia Wang, Hongfeng Zhou, Fujian Song, Zuxun Lu
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Smoking and risk of erectile dysfunction: systematic review of observational studies with meta-analysis

Shiyi Cao et al. PLoS One. 2013.

Abstract

Background: There are many recent observational studies on smoking and risk of erectile dysfunction (ED) and whether smoking increases the risk of ED is still inconclusive. The objective of this meta-analysis was to synthesize evidence from studies that evaluated the association between smoking and the risk of ED.

Methods: We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus in January 2013 to identify cohort and case-control studies that evaluated the association between smoking and ED. Study quality of included studies was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Random-effects meta-analyses were used to combine the results of included studies.

Results: Four prospective cohort studies and four case-control studies involving 28, 586 participants were included. Because of significant heterogeneity after including case-control studies in meta-analysis, the consistent results of prospective cohort studies were considered more accurate, Because of significant heterogeneity after including case-control studies in meta-analysis, the consistent results of prospective cohort studies were considered more accurate, Compared with non-smokers, the overall odd ratio of ED in prospective cohort studies was 1.51(95% CI: 1.34 to 1.71) for current smokers, and it was 1.29 (95% CI: 1.07 to 1.47) for former smokers. Evidence of publication bias was not found.

Conclusion: Evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that smoking, especially current smoking, may significantly increase the risk of ED.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Flow Chart of Study Selection.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Current Smoking and Risk of ED.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Ex-smoking and Risk of ED.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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