Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint: a review

Abstract

Background: Arthrocentesis is a very gentle method for lavage of the joint space. The principle consists in the introduction of a pair of needles into the upper joint space and subsequent lavage using physiological saline or Ringer's solution. Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint is used in both cases of acute closed lock and treatment of various temporomandibular disorders.

Methods: A literature search in Pubmed database, using key words: Temporomandibular joint (TMJ), Arthrocentesis, indications, technique, results.

Conclusion: Arthrocentesis of the temporomandibular joint is a minimally invasive treatment method at the boundary between conservative and surgical therapy. It is usually performed on an out-patient basis under local anaesthesia. It is used both in cases of acute block caused by displacement of the articular disc and also to treat degenerative inflammatory diseases of the joints. The main objective of arthrocentesis is to wash out inflammatory mediators, release the disc, break adhesions, eliminate pain and improve joint mobility. It is a method with a minimum number of complications, it is simple and not demanding in terms of instruments, and it can be performed repeatedly. For this reason, it has become widespread and very popular in the treatment of internal disorders of the temporomandibular joint.