Focus on: College drinking and related problems: magnitude and prevention of college drinking and related problems

Abstract

In 2002, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) issued a report entitled A Call to Action: Changing the Culture of Drinking at U.S. Colleges. Data on the magnitude of college drinking problems in 1998 to 1999 were reported. From 1999 to 2005, the proportion of college students aged 18-24 who drank five or more drinks on a single occasion in the past month increased from 41.7 percent to 45.2 percent. The proportion who drove under the influence of alcohol increased from 26.1 percent to 29.2 percent. Higher percentages of 21- to 24-year-olds engaged in those behaviors than 18- to 20-year-olds, and between 1999 and 2005 the percentage increased among 21- to 24-year-olds but not among those aged 18-20. From 1998 to 2005, unintentional alcohol-related injury deaths increased 3 percent (from 1,442 to 1,825) per 100,000 college students aged 18-24. Alcohol misuse by college students often harms other people through traffic crashes and sexual/other assaults. Research regarding ways to reduce college drinking problems has shown that individual-oriented interventions, particularly screening and brief motivational counseling interventions, social norms interventions, environmental policy changes such as the minimum legal drinking age of 21 and drinking-and-driving laws, and comprehensive college-community programs, can reduce college drinking and related morbidity and mortality. There is a growing need for colleges and surrounding communities to implement interventions shown through research to reduce alcohol misuse among college-aged people.

Figure 1

Trends in 2-week prevalence of five or more drinks in a row among college students versus others 1–4 years beyond high school. SOURCE: Johnston, L.D.; O’Malley, P.M.; Bachman, J.G.; and Schulenberg, J.E. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2007. Volume I: Secondary School Students. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2007 (NIH Publication No. 07–6205). Johnston, L.D.; O’Malley, P.M.; Bachman, J.G.; and Schulenberg, J.E. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2007. Volume II: College Students and Adults Ages 19–45. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2007 (NIH Publication No. 07–6205).

Figure 2

Alcohol-related traffic fatalities, rate per 100,000, ages 18–20 vs. 21–24, United States, 1982–2007. SOURCE: Johnston, L.D.; O’Malley, P.M.; Bachman, J.G.; and Schulenberg, J.E. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2007. Volume I: Secondary School Students. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2007 (NIH Publication No. 07–6205). Johnston, L.D.; O’Malley, P.M.; Bachman, J.G.; and Schulenberg, J.E. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2007. Volume II: College Students and Adults Ages 19–45. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2007 (NIH Publication No. 07–6205).

Figure 3

Trends in alcohol-related and non–alcohol-related traffic fatalities, persons ages 16–20, United States, 1982–2007. SOURCE: Johnston, L.D.; O’Malley, P.M.; Bachman, J.G.; and Schulenberg, J.E. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2007. Volume I: Secondary School Students. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2007 (NIH Publication No. 07–6205). Johnston, L.D.; O’Malley, P.M.; Bachman, J.G.; and Schulenberg, J.E. Monitoring the Future National Survey Results on Drug Use, 1975–2007. Volume II: College Students and Adults Ages 19–45. Bethesda, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2007 (NIH Publication No. 07–6205).