Mobile left ventricular thrombus in left ventricular dysfunction: case report and review of literature

Abstract

Introduction: Left ventricular (LV) thrombi carry a high risk of embolization. Therapeutic recommendations like treatment with low molecular heparin and intravenous unfractionated heparin (UFH), thrombolysis or surgical thrombectomy have failed to reach a consensus.

Case description: A 56-year-old female patient presented in cardiogenic shock to the emergency department. Echocardiography demonstrated a dilated LV with a severely depressed global systolic function and a large LV apical thrombus. Treatment with UFH was initiated as well as a treatment with catecholamines for stabilizing the patient's hemodynamic situation. On the follow-up echocardiographic examination, extensive free-floating parts of the thrombus could be documented. Given the high risk of embolization in a now hemodynamically stable situation, emergency surgical embolectomy was performed.

Discussion: A conservative procedure might be useful for bridging till surgical treatment is available and/or the risk due to surgery is acceptable.

Conclusion: In absence of evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of LV thrombi, individualized management options concerning surgical, embolization and bleeding risk must be taken into account.