Immunity to Marek's disease: where are we now?

Abstract

Marek's disease (MD) in chickens was first described over a century ago and the causative agent of this disease, Marek's disease virus (MDV), was first identified in the 1960's. There has been extensive and intensive research over the last few decades to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the interactions between the virus and its host. We have also made considerable progress in terms of developing efficacious vaccines against MD. The advent of the chicken genetic map and genome sequence as well as development of approaches for chicken transcriptome and proteome analyses, have greatly facilitated the process of illuminating underlying genetic mechanisms of resistance and susceptibility to disease. However, there are still major gaps in our understanding of MDV pathogenesis and mechanisms of host immunity to the virus and to the neoplastic events caused by this virus. Importantly, vaccines that can disrupt virus transmission in the field are lacking. The current review explores mechanisms of host immunity against Marek's disease and makes an attempt to identify the areas that are lacking in this field.

Keywords: CTL; Chickens; Cytokines; HVT; IFN; IL; Immune response; LPS; MD; MDV; MHC; Marek’s disease; Marek’s disease virus; NO; PRR; RNA interference; RNAi; TLR; Vaccines; cytotoxic T-lymphocytes; gB; glycoprotein; herpesvirus of turkeys; iNOS; inducible nitric oxide synthase; interferon; interleukin; lipopolysaccharides; mRNA; major histocompatibility complex; messenger RNA; nitric oxide; pattern recognition receptor; toll-like receptors.