Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2013 May;40(5):413-8.
doi: 10.1097/OLQ.0b013e318285ce46.

Correlates of self-reported pelvic inflammatory disease treatment in sexually experienced reproductive-aged women in the United States, 1995 and 2006-2010

Jami S Leichliter  1 , Anjani Chandra, Sevgi O Aral
Affiliations

Correlates of self-reported pelvic inflammatory disease treatment in sexually experienced reproductive-aged women in the United States, 1995 and 2006-2010

Jami S Leichliter et al. Sex Transm Dis. 2013 May.

Abstract

Background: Few studies have examined recent temporal trends in self-reported receipt of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) treatment. We assessed trends in receipt of PID treatment and associated correlates using national survey data.

Methods: We used data from the National Survey of Family Growth, a multistage national probability survey of 15- to 44-year-old women. We examined trends in self-reported receipt of PID treatment from 1995, 2002, to 2006-2010. In addition, we examined correlates of PID treatment in 1995 and 2006-2010 in bivariate and adjusted analyses.

Results: From 1995 to 2002, receipt of PID treatment significantly declined from 8.6% to 5.7% (P < 0.0001); however, there was no difference from 2002 to 2006-2010 (5.0%, P = 0.16). In bivariate analyses, racial differences in PID treatment declined across time; in 2006-2010, there was no significant difference between racial/ethnic groups (P = 0.22). Also in bivariate analyses, similar to 1995, in 2006 to 2010, some of the highest reports of receipt of PID treatment were women who were 35 to 44 years old (5.6%), had an income less than 150% of poverty level (7.5%), had less than high school education (6.7%), douched (7.7%), had intercourse before age 15 years (10.3%), and had 10 or more lifetime partners (8.0%). In adjusted analyses, differing from 1995, women at less than 150% of the poverty level were more likely (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 2.60; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.79-3.76) than women at 300% or more of the poverty level to have received PID treatment in 2006-2010.

Conclusions: Receipt of PID treatment declined from 1995 to 2006-2010, with the burden affecting women of lower socioeconomic status.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

None

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Trends in lifetime prevalence of treatment for PID among sexually experienced women in the United States (15–44 yrs), overall and by race/ethnicity: 1995, 2002, 2006–10
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Westrom L, Joesoef R, Reynolds G, Hagdu A, Thompson SE. Pelvic inflammatory disease and fertility: a cohort study of 1,844 women with laparoscopically verified disease and 657 control women with normal laparoscopic results. Sex Transm Dis. 1992;19(4):185–192. - PubMed
    1. Cates W, Rolfs RT, Aral S. Sexually transmitted diseases, pelvic inflammatory disease, and infertility: an epidemiologic update. Epi Reviews. 1990;12:199–220. - PubMed
    1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) STDs & infertility. 2011 Accessible at: http://www.cdc.gov/std/infertility/
    1. Sutton MY, Sternberg M, Zaidi A, St. Louis ME, Markowitz LE. Trends in pelvic inflammatory disease hospital discharges and ambulatory visits, United States, 1998–2001. Sex Transm Dis. 2005;32:778–784. - PubMed
    1. CDC. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2011. Sexually Transmitted Disease Surveillance 2010. Accessible at: http://www.cdc.gov/std/stats10/surv2010.pdf.

MeSH terms