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Review
. 2013 Jun;11(2):130-5.
doi: 10.1007/s11914-013-0146-3.

The role of muscle in bone repair: the cells, signals, and tissue responses to injury

Krupa Shah  1 , Zahraa Majeed, Jennifer Jonason, Regis J O'Keefe
Affiliations
Review

The role of muscle in bone repair: the cells, signals, and tissue responses to injury

Krupa Shah et al. Curr Osteoporos Rep. 2013 Jun.

Abstract

Bone repair is a complicated process that includes many types of cells, signaling molecules, and growth factors. Fracture healing involves a temporally and spatially regulated biologic process that involves recruitment of stem cells to the injury site, tissue specific differentiation, angiogenesis, and remodeling. In light of its proximity to bone and abundant vascularity, muscle is an important potential source of cells and signals for bone healing. More complete understanding of the role of muscle in bone formation and repair will provide new therapeutic approaches to enhance fracture healing. Recent studies establish that muscle-derived stem cells are able to differentiate into cartilage and bone and can directly participate in fracture healing. The role of muscle-derived stem cells is particularly important in fractures associated with more severe injury to the periosteum. Sarcopenia is a serious consequence of aging, and studies show a strong association between bone mass and lean muscle mass. Muscle anabolic agents may improve function and reduce the incidence of fracture with aging.

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Conflict of interest statement

Disclosure

K Shah

Z Majeed

J Jonason

RJ O’Keefe declares no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Populations of stem cells involved in fracture repair
Osteoprogenitor cells are derived from both skeletal and non-skeletal sites. Periosteum is a major source of cells in bone repair. Secondary bone remodeling requires angiogenesis and involves the participation of vascular-derived stem cell populations (pericytes). Muscle-derived stem cells have an increased role in the setting of extensive soft tissue damage.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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