Neoadjuvant carboplatin before radiotherapy in stage IIA and IIB seminoma

Abstract

Background: Extended field radiotherapy is a standard of care for low volume stage II testicular seminoma. We hypothesized that neoadjuvant carboplatin might reduce the recurrence risk.

Patients and methods: In a single-arm study, 51 patients were treated between May 1996 and November 2011 with a single cycle of carboplatin followed by radiotherapy. The radiation field was reduced from an extended abdomino-pelvic field to just the para-aortic region, and the radiation dose from 35 Gy to 30 Gy in 39 patients.

Results: After a median follow-up of 55 months (range 8-151 months) with 38 (74%) of the patients having been followed for >2 years, there have been no relapses (95% confidence limits of 5-year relapse-free survival of 93%-100%). Toxicity has been low with grade 3 toxicity limited to four patients with grade 3 haematological toxicity (with no clinical sequelae) and one patient with grade 3 nausea (during radiotherapy). No patients experienced grade 4 toxicity.

Conclusions: The results of this pilot study suggest that a single cycle of neoadjuvant carboplatin before radiotherapy may reduce recurrence risk compared with radiotherapy alone and permit a smaller radiation field, and this approach is proposed for further investigation.

Keywords: carboplatin; germ cell tumour; radiotherapy; seminoma.