[Uterine artery embolization for myomas treatment]

Abstract

Myoma treatment by uterine artery embolisation (UAE) using non-spherical PVA particles or calibrated tris-acryl microspheres>500μm is effective in more than 90 % of cases in the short-term. In the long-term, menorrhagia, bulk-related symptoms and pelvic pain are significantly improved or eliminated in 75 % of cases at 5 to 7 years. At 6 months, uterine volume reduction and larger myoma volume reduction varies between 30 to 60 % and 50 to 80 % respectively. During hospital stay the complication rate is very low, less than 3 % mostly urinary infection and pain. Secondary hysterectomy for complication is less than 2 % at 3 months. Definitive amenorrhea is reported in less than 5 % of cases in women of more than 45-year of age. No significant impact of embolization on hormonal function has been reported in women less than 45 years with normal baseline function. UAE is not indicated for submucous myomas. Randomized studies comparing embolization to hysterectomy demonstrate that reinterventions are more frequently performed after embolization. Secondary hysterectomy is performed in 13 to 24 % of cases at 2 years and in up to 28 % of cases at 5 years. Hospital stay, duration of recovery and time off work are shorter after embolization compared to hysterectomy. Embolization is cheaper than hysterectomy at 12 and 24 months even taking into consideration the additional costs of imaging and reinterventions. UAE is a good alternative treatment in women with unique myoma of less than 10cm and multiple myomas around 15cm. This treatment should be proposed to women each time possible. Randomized studies comparing embolization to myomectomy demonstrate that in the short and mid-term there is no difference in terms of control of menorrhagia and bulk-related symptoms. Uterine volume reduction and quality of life were not different at 6 months. Periprocedural and 30-day complication rates are not different. At 6 months, the rate of complications is higher after myomectomy. Reinterventions are more frequent after embolization compared to myomectomy. Hospital stay, duration of recovery and time off work are shorter after embolization compared to myomectomy. UAE is less aggressive than myomectomy and should be proposed as a conservative alternative treatment. Embolization should be considered with caution in pregnancy-seeking women since there is still a lack of good quality data available in the specific group of patients. FSH level is more frequently elevated after embolization compared to myomectomy. Pregnancy rate and term pregnancy rate are higher after myomectomy compared to embolization. Spontaneous abortion is more frequent after embolization than after myomectomy. At this time, UAE is not indicated excepted in studies or in specific cases when the woman want a pregnancy. Embolization performed before myomectomy (preoperative or combined procedures) can be discussed for an individual patient but there is not enough data to support its routine use.