Understanding the impact of the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program: a quantitative evaluation
- PMID: 23618045
- PMCID: PMC6974006
- DOI: 10.1007/BF03404456
Understanding the impact of the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program: a quantitative evaluation
Abstract
Objectives: The objectives of this study were to assess whether high exposure to the Canada Prenatal Nutrition Program (CPNP) improved 1) the personal health practices, such as smoking and breastfeeding, of participants and 2) birth outcomes, such as low birth weight and preterm birth.
Intervention: The CPNP is a population-level health intervention that aims to contribute to improved health outcomes for pregnant women and their newborn children facing conditions of risk. The program, which is jointly managed by the federal and provincial governments, serves more than 45,000 Canadian women annually.
Participants: Participants were women who entered the program prenatally in 2002-2006 and were socially, demographically and geographically diverse. Almost 12% were adolescents, and almost 10% were over 34 years of age; 5% were recent immigrants (in Canada <10 years), and close to one quarter were Aboriginal.
Setting: This comprised a broad range of community-based projects in 2,000 communities.
Outcomes: Descriptive statistics showed that the CPNP is reaching the women for which it is intended. Participants with high CPNP exposure were more likely to reduce the number of cigarettes they smoked, to cease drinking, to breastfeed their infants and to breastfeed for longer, and to increase their use of vitamin/mineral supplements from never to daily. Furthermore, they were less likely to give birth to an infant that was preterm, had low birth weight, was small for gestational age or had poor neonatal health. Unexpectedly, participants were more likely to give birth to a large-for-gestational-age infant. Our stratified "equity" analyses showed some variation by social group, indicating that the benefits were not consistently shared by all.
Conclusion: High CPNP exposure improved the health behaviours and birth outcomes of women and their newborn children facing conditions of risk. Furthermore, our equity analysis found that the associations between higher CPNP exposure and healthy behaviour changes, and even more so, better birth outcomes, were generally found across many social groups. In the absence of a control group, the study used an innovative approach to estimating the impact of the CPNP by comparing those who received a higher "dose" with those receiving a lower dose of CPNP services.
Objectifs: Nos objectifs étaient de déterminer si une exposition élevée au Programme canadien de nutrition prénatale (PCNP) améliorait 1) les habitudes de santé personnelles des participantes, comme le tabagisme et l’allaitement, et 2) les issues de la grossesse, comme l’insuffisance de poids à la naissance et la naissance avant terme.
Intervention: Le PCNP est une intervention sanitaire populationnelle qui vise à contribuer à l’amélioration des résultats sanitaires pour les femmes enceintes et leurs enfants nouveau-nés à risque. Le programme, géré conjointement par les gouvernements fédéral et provinciaux, sert plus de 45 000 Canadiennes par année.
Participantes: Les participantes étaient des femmes inscrites au programme avant d’accoucher, en 2002–2006, et qui présentaient une diversité sur le plan social, démographique et géographique. Près de 12% étaient adolescentes, et près des 10% avaient plus de 34 ans; 5% étaient des immigrantes récentes (au Canada depuis <10 ans), et près du quart étaient autochtones.
Lieu: L’étude englobait un vaste éventail de projets communautaires menés dans 2 000 collectivités.
Résultats: Des statistiques descriptives ont montré que le PCNP joint les femmes à qui il s’adresse. Les participantes très exposées au PCNP étaient plus susceptibles de réduire le nombre de cigarettes qu’elles fumaient, de cesser de consommer de l’alcool, d’allaiter leur nourrisson et d’allaiter plus longtemps, ainsi que d’accroître leur utilisation de suppléments de vitamines et minéraux (de jamais à quotidiennement). En outre, elles étaient moins susceptibles d’accoucher prématurément et d’accoucher d’un nourrisson de poids insuffisant à la naissance, petit pour son âge gestationnel ou en mauvaise santé néonatale. Nous avons observé un résultat inattendu: les participantes étaient plus susceptibles d’accoucher d’un nourrisson gros pour son âge gestationnel. Nos analyses stratifiées de «l’équité» montrent des écarts selon le groupe social, ce qui indique que les avantages obtenus n’étaient pas systématiquement partagés par toutes.
Conclusion: Une exposition élevée au PCNP améliorait les habitudes de santé et les issues de la grossesse chez les femmes et leurs enfants nouveau-nés à risque. De plus, notre analyse de l’équité a montré que les associations entre une exposition élevée au PCNP et l’adoption de comportements plus sains, et plus encore en ce qui a trait à l’amélioration de l’issue de la grossesse, ont en général été relevées à l’échelle de nombreux groupes sociaux. En l’absence d’un groupe témoin, l’étude a fait appel à une démarche novatrice pour estimer l’impact du PCNP en comparant les femmes ayant reçu une forte «dose» à celles ayant reçu une «dose» plus faible des services du PCNP.
Keywords: Child development; Early intervention; Program evaluation; Risk factors; Vulnerable populations.
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