Diagnosis of fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS): German guideline version 2013

Abstract

Background: Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) belongs to the umbrella of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD) and affects 0.02-0.8% of all annual births with a high number of undetected cases. FAS has severe and life determining consequences for the affected individual and his family.

Aim: The aim of the German guideline version 2013 is to provide objectively evaluated, evidence-based, clinically relevant and easily applicable diagnostic criteria for the full picture FAS.

Methods: A systematic literature review (2001-2011), analysis of international guidelines and focused hand search were performed. Based on the evidence-assessed literature the multidisciplinary guideline group (14 German Professional Societies, the patient support group "FASD Germany" and 15 additional experts) consented recommendations for the diagnosis of FAS.

Results: The following diagnostic criteria for FAS resulted: at least one deficit of growth, three defined facial characteristics and one functional or structural anomaly of the central nervous system. Confirmation of intrauterine alcohol exposure is not considered as a prerequisite for FAS diagnosis.

Conclusion: The German guideline presented here constitutes an unbiased evidence-based approach to the diagnosis of patients with fetal alcohol syndrome. It includes a practical pocket guide FAS for a quick overview of the diagnostic workup in everyday clinical work.

Keywords: Adolescents; Children; Diagnosis; FAS; FASD; Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders; Fetal alcohol syndrome; Guideline.