Effect of platelet-rich plasma and platelet-rich fibrin on peri-implant bone defects in dogs

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of tooth ash and platelet-rich plasma (PRP), and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) grafts into bone defects around implants on bone formation. Six adult dogs were used as experimental subjects. Graft materials were used to create a particulate material. Forty-eight tapered-type implants, 3.7 mm in diameter, 10 mm in length, and with surface treated with hydroxyapatite (HA) coating, were used as implant fixtures. Using a trephine bur, four bone defects were formed and implants were placed in the femurs of the adult dogs. Bone grafts were not performed in the control group. Tooth ash was grafted into the defects in group 1. In group 2, a mixture of tooth ash and PRP (1:1 ratio by volume) was grafted into the defects. In group 3, a mixture of tooth ash and PRF (ratio of 1:1) was grafted in the defect area. Animals were sacrificed after 4 or 8 weeks. Based on histopathological examination, the amount and rate of new bone formation were evaluated. Histomorphometric examination revealed that the rate of new bone formation in group 3 of the 4-week group was significantly higher than that in the control group. In addition, in the 8-week group, a significant increase in new bone formation was confirmed in group 3. In this study, a bone graft method using a mixture of tooth ash and PRF was found to increase new bone formation compared to the method using PRP. In addition, it was confirmed that this effect was more prominent in the initial stage of the bone graft.