Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2013 Jan;6(1):46-51.
doi: 10.4103/0974-2069.107234.

Pacing in children

Harinder R Singh  1 , Anjan S Batra, Seshadri Balaji
Affiliations

Pacing in children

Harinder R Singh et al. Ann Pediatr Cardiol. 2013 Jan.

Abstract

The implantation of cardiac pacing devices in children and young adults can be challenging and different from the adult population due to their smaller size, their longer life expectancy, and anatomical variations associated with congenital heart defects. A knowledge of indications, pacing leads and devices, anatomical variations, and the technical skills are important for those who implant and care for children with pacemakers. In this review we attempt to discuss these specific points of cardiac pacing in children and young adults.

Keywords: Congenital heart defects; heart block; pacemakers; pacing.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Dual chamber pacemaker showing implantation of the atrial lead in the high right atrium and septal implantation of the ventricular lead, with extra slack in the atrial and ventricular leads
Figure 2
Figure 2
The axillary venogram shows the course of the vein as it courses the junction of the outer border of the first rib with the inferior margin of the clavicle
Figure 3
Figure 3
Venograms showing complete occlusion of the left subclavian (a) and proximal right subclavian (b) vein in a patient with an existing ICD lead that was fractured. (c) A guide wire (platinum plus 018, Boston scientific) was threaded from the right subclavian vein into the IVC through the stenotic site. (d) A dilator and sheath were then cannulated over the guide wire and used to pass two additional leads across this stenotic site
Figure 4
Figure 4
The RV lead is placed via a transhepatic approach in a 12-year-old girl for symptomatic recurrent asystolic pauses following a motor vehicular accident. She had multiple fractures of her vertebral column requiring placement of a cranial halo with traction. The access to the usual veins was limited, and therefore the lead was placed via transhepatic approach
Figure 5
Figure 5
An AP and lateral view of a CXR showing a dual chamber pacemaker in a patient with Mustard procedure for D-TGA. Notice the placement of the atrial lead in the superior aspect of the left atrium and the ventricular lead in the posterior left ventricle
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Kertesz NJ, Fenrich AL, Friedman RA. Congenital complete atrioventricular block. Tex Heart Inst J. 1997;24:301–7. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Ellenbogen KA, Estes NA, 3rd, Freedman RA, Gettes LS, et al. ACC/AHA/HRS 2008 guidelines for device-based therapy of cardiac rhythm abnormalities: A report of the american college of cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force On Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee To Revise The ACC/AHA/NASPE 2002 Guideline Update for Implantation of Cardiac Pacemakers And Antiarrhythmia Devices) Developed in Collaboration With The American Association for Thoracic Surgery and Society of Thoracic Surgeons. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:E1–62. - PubMed
    1. Cohen MI, Bush DM, Vetter VL, Tanel RE, Wieand TS, Gaynor JW, et al. Permanent epicardial pacing in pediatric patients: Seventeen years of experience and 1200 outpatient visits. Circulation. 2001;103:2585–90. - PubMed
    1. Fortescue EB, Berul CI, Cecchin F, Walsh EP, Triedman JK, Alexander ME. Patient, procedural, and hardware factors associated with pacemaker lead failures in pediatrics and Congenital Heart Disease. Heart Rhythm. 2004;1:150–9. - PubMed
    1. Sachweh JS, Vazquez-Jimenez JF, Schondube FA, Daebritz SH, Dorge H, Muhler EG, et al. Twenty years experience with pediatric pacing: Epicardial and transvenous stimulation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2000;17:455–61. - PubMed