Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2013 Jan;17(1):12-5.
doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.107467.

An overview of frenal attachments

M Priyanka  1 , R Sruthi, T Ramakrishnan, Pamela Emmadi, N Ambalavanan
Affiliations

An overview of frenal attachments

M Priyanka et al. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013 Jan.

Abstract

Frenal attachments are thin folds of mucous membrane with enclosed muscle fibers that attach the lips to the alveolar mucosa and underlying periosteum. Most often, during the oral examination of the patient the dentist gives very little importance to the frenum, for assessing its morpholology and attachment. However, it has been seen that an abnormal frenum can be an indicator of a syndrome. This paper highlights the different frenal attachments seen in association with various syndromic as well as non-syndromic conditions.

Keywords: Aberrant frena; frenulum; syndromes.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mucosal frenal attachment
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gingival frenal attachment
Figure 3
Figure 3
Papillary frenal attachment
Figure 4
Figure 4
Papilla penetrating frenal attachment
Figure 5
Figure 5
Simple frenum with a nodule
Figure 6
Figure 6
Simple frenum with appendix
Figure 7
Figure 7
Simple frenum with nichum
Figure 8
Figure 8
Wider frenal attachment
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Mintz SM, Siegel MA, Seider PJ. An overview of oral frena and their association with multiple syndromes and nonsyndromic conditions. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral RadiolEndod. 2005;99:321–4. - PubMed
    1. Kotlow LA. Oral diagnosis of abnormal frenum attachments in neonates and infants: Evaluation and treatment of maxillary frenum using the Erbium YAG Laser. J Pediatr Dent Care. 2004c;10:11–4.
    1. Mirko P, Miroslav S, Lubor M. Significance of the labial frenum attachment in periodontal disease in man. Part I. Classification and epidemiology of the labial frenum attachment. J Periodontol. 1974;45:891–4. - PubMed
    1. Kakodkar PV, Patel TN, Patel SV, Patel SH. Clinical assessment of diverse frenum morphology in Permanent dentition. Internet J Dent Sci. 2009:7.
    1. Anubha N, Chaubey KK, Arora VK, Narula IS. Frenectomy combined with a laterally displaced pedicle graft. Indian J Dent Sci. 2010;2:47–51.