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. 2013 Jan;17(1):12-5.
doi: 10.4103/0972-124X.107467.

An overview of frenal attachments

M Priyanka  1 , R Sruthi, T Ramakrishnan, Pamela Emmadi, N Ambalavanan
Affiliations

An overview of frenal attachments

M Priyanka et al. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2013 Jan.

Abstract

Frenal attachments are thin folds of mucous membrane with enclosed muscle fibers that attach the lips to the alveolar mucosa and underlying periosteum. Most often, during the oral examination of the patient the dentist gives very little importance to the frenum, for assessing its morpholology and attachment. However, it has been seen that an abnormal frenum can be an indicator of a syndrome. This paper highlights the different frenal attachments seen in association with various syndromic as well as non-syndromic conditions.

Keywords: Aberrant frena; frenulum; syndromes.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mucosal frenal attachment
Figure 2
Figure 2
Gingival frenal attachment
Figure 3
Figure 3
Papillary frenal attachment
Figure 4
Figure 4
Papilla penetrating frenal attachment
Figure 5
Figure 5
Simple frenum with a nodule
Figure 6
Figure 6
Simple frenum with appendix
Figure 7
Figure 7
Simple frenum with nichum
Figure 8
Figure 8
Wider frenal attachment
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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